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Trends and Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Among HIV Seropositive and Seronegative Men: The Multicenter Aids Cohort Study

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Abstract

We measured the trend of cigarette smoking among HIV-seropositive and seronegative men over time from 1984 to 2012. Additionally, we examined the demographic correlates of smoking and smoking consumption. Six thousand and five hundred and seventy seven men who have sex with men (MSM) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were asked detailed information about their smoking history since their visit. Prevalence of smoking and quantity smoked was calculated yearly from 1984 to 2012. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to estimate prevalence ratios of smoking in univariate and multivariate models. In 2012, 11.8 and 36.9 % of men who were enrolled in the MACS before 2001 or during or after 2001 smoked cigarettes, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, black, non-Hispanic, lower education, enrollment wave, alcohol use, and marijuana use were positively associated with current smoking in MSM. HIV serostatus was not significant in the multivariate analysis. However, HIV variables, such as detectable viral load, were positively associated. Though cigarette smoking has declined over time, the prevalence still remains high among subgroups. There is still a need for tailored smoking cessation programs to decrease the risk of smoking in HIV-seropositive MSM.

Resumen

Un análisis de hombres VIH-sero-positivo y -sero-negativo con fechas de nacimiento entre 1984 y 2012. Inclusivo, estudiamos la demografía relacionada entre fumando cigarrillos y la frecuencia de fumar cigarrillos. Se hizo entrevistas detalladas a 6.577 hombres del estudio Multicenter AIDS Cohort (MACS) que han tenido relaciones sexuales con otros hombres, sobre su frecuencia de fumar cigarrillos desde su última cita. Se calculó anual la frecuencia y cantidad de fumar desde el 1984 a 2012. Se usó la regresión de Poisson con un error de discrepancia conservativo para estimar la proporción de frecuencia de fumar en modelos univariante y multivariante. En 2012, de los hombres que estuvieron matriculados en el estudio de MACS antes del 2001 un 11,8 % fumaban cigarrillos y de los que matricularon en el 2001 o luego un 36,9 %. En el análisis multivariante, personas: africano-americano, anglo, baja nivel de educación, fecha de matriculación al MACS, uso del alcohol y mariguana muestrearon una correlación positiva dentro los hombres fumadores que han tenido relaciones sexuales con otros hombres. VIH-sero-estatus no estuvo significante en el análisis multivariante. Pero, los variables de VIH, como el carga viral, eran asociado positivamente. Aunque el consumo de cigarrillos ha bajado con tiempo, la presencia sigue predominante entre los grupos mencionados. Hay falta de programación que les pueda ayudar en eliminar el uso de cigarrillos para reducir el daño de salud entre hombres VIH-sero-positivo que mantienen relaciones sexuales con otros hombres.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Tariq Syed for his help in translating our abstract. Steve Shoptaw's work was also supported by the Center for HIV Identification, Prevention, and Treatment (CHIPTS) NIMH Grant MH58107; the UCLA Center for AIDS Research (CFAR) NIH/NIAID AI028697; and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through UCLA CSTI Grant UL1TR000124. Data in this manuscript were collected by the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) with centers at Baltimore (U01-AI35042): The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health: Joseph B. Margolick (PI), Barbara Crain, Adrian Dobs, Homayoon Farzadegan, Joel Gallant, Lisette Johnson-Hill, Cynthia Munro, Michael W. Plankey, Ned Sacktor, James Shepard, Chloe Thio; Chicago (U01-AI35039): Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Cook County Bureau of Health Services: Steven M. Wolinsky (PI), John P. Phair, Sheila Badri, Maurice O’Gorman, David Ostrow, Frank Palella, Ann Ragin; Los Angeles (U01-AI35040): University of California, UCLA Schools of Public Health and Medicine: Roger Detels (PI), Otoniel Martínez-Maza (Co-PI), Aaron Aronow, Robert Bolan, Elizabeth Breen, Anthony Butch, Beth Jamieson, Eric N. Miller, John Oishi, Harry Vinters, Dorothy Wiley, Mallory Witt, Otto Yang, Stephen Young, Zuo Feng Zhang; Pittsburgh (U01-AI35041): University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health: Charles R. Rinaldo (PI), Lawrence A. Kingsley (Co-PI), James T. Becker, Ross D. Cranston, Jeremy J. Martinson, John W. Mellors, Anthony J. Silvestre, Ronald D. Stall; and the Data Coordinating Center (UM1-AI35043): The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health: Lisa P. Jacobson (PI), Alvaro Munoz (Co-PI), Alison, Abraham, Keri Althoff, Christopher Cox, Jennifer Deal, Gypsyamber D’Souza, Priya Duggal, Janet Schollenberger, Eric C. Seaberg, Sol Su, Pamela Surkan. The MACS is funded primarily by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), with additional co-funding from the National Cancer Institute (NCI). Targeted supplemental funding for specific projects was also provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), and the National Institute on Deafness and Communication Disorders (NIDCD). MACS data collection is also supported by UL1-TR000424 (JHU CTSA). Website located at http://www.statepi.jhsph.edu/macs/macs.html. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, PO Box 100231, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA

    Wajiha Z. Akhtar-Khaleel, Robert L. Cook & Rebecca J. Beyth

  2. David Geffen School of Medicine, Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Steven Shoptaw

  3. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA

    Pamela Surkan

  4. Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Ronald Stall

  5. Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Rebecca J. Beyth

  6. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Linda A. Teplin

  7. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Michael Plankey

  8. Department of Health, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and TB Administration, Washington, DC, USA

    Wajiha Z. Akhtar-Khaleel

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  1. Wajiha Z. Akhtar-Khaleel
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  2. Robert L. Cook
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  3. Steven Shoptaw
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Correspondence to Wajiha Z. Akhtar-Khaleel.

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Akhtar-Khaleel, W.Z., Cook, R.L., Shoptaw, S. et al. Trends and Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Among HIV Seropositive and Seronegative Men: The Multicenter Aids Cohort Study. AIDS Behav 20, 622–632 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1099-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1099-6

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