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Silvicultural interventions and agroforestry systems increase the economic and ecological value of Bertholletia excelsa plantations in the Amazon

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Abstract

Bertholletia excelsa is a native tree of the Amazon that has great economic importance e in producing multiple products (wood, nuts, and oil). It has an important role in the carbon cycle in the Amazon basin. Its ecophysiological characteristics indicate that it can be part of various tree-planting systems. We have compiled important information on B. excelsa growing in forest restoration, forest enrichment plantations, pure plantations, and agroforestry systems to assess how the species responds to silvicultural interventions. Plantation studies on B. excelsa are relevant in implementing sustainable forestry systems in the Amazon region. Silvicultural interventions are crucial tools to ensure greater productivity, increase production capacity, and reduce cost and return time. Bertholletia excelsa is usually recommended for planting in agroforestry systems because of its physiological plasticity and wood and non-timber production, providing employment and income with a significant social impact in the field. Bertholletia excelsa can be successfully planted to restore degraded environments with satisfactory survival rates linked to physiological strategies. The species responds to spacing, fertilization, and thinning treatments demonstrating the potential for increasing both biomass production and yields of nuts.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry of INPA (INPA-LFBV) for the use of their equipment and infrastructure for our analyses. We also thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES, project Pro-Amazonia: Biodiversity and Sustainability−042/2012), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and the Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change (FINEP/Rede Clima 01.13.0353-00) for financial support. José F. C. Gonçalves and Philip M. Fearnside acknowledge fellowships provided by CNPq.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher-Level Personnel (CAPES, Brazil, Project Pro-Amazonia AUXPE 3390/2013 and CAPES–Finance Code 001), the Amazonas State Research Support Foundation (FAPEAM, Brazil, N° 024/2014) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil, 480233/2011-0; 311103/2015-4) and the Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change FINEP/Rede Clima (01.13.0353-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Institute for Amazonian Research-INPA-MCTI, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Jéssica Pereira de Souza, José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves & Roberto Kirmayr Jaquetti

  2. Faculty of Agronomy, Institute of Studies in Agrarian and Regional Development-IEDAR, Federal University of South and Southeast of Pará-UNIFESSPA, Marabá, PA, Brazil

    Karen Cristina Pires da Costa

  3. Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de Lima

  4. Coordination of Research in Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Amazonian Research-INPA-MCTI, Manaus, AM, Brazil

    Philip Martin Fearnside

  5. Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Campus Humaitá, BR230 Highway, KM 07, Humaitá, AM, 69.800-000, Brazil

    Adamir da Rocha Nina Junior

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  1. Jéssica Pereira de Souza
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  2. José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves
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JPDS has written the manuscript with conceptual support from JFDCG. The literature search and data analysis were performed by JPDS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by JPDS and all authors commented on and critically revised the versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves.

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de Souza, J.P., de Carvalho Gonçalves, J.F., Jaquetti, R.K. et al. Silvicultural interventions and agroforestry systems increase the economic and ecological value of Bertholletia excelsa plantations in the Amazon. Agroforest Syst 97, 197–207 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-022-00798-9

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