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Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in estuarine water and sediment

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Abstract

While transfer of freshwater cyanobacteria to estuaries has been observed worldwide, the associated transfer of cyanotoxins is less often reported, in particular the sediment contribution. During fall 2018, we monitored the co-occurrence of cyanobacteria and microcystin (MC) in both the water column and in surface sediments at five stations along a river continuum, from a freshwater reservoir to the coastal area in Brittany, France. Cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton community in the water column with high densities at the freshwater sites. Microcystis cells and intracellular MC transfer to estuarine and marine sites were observed with decreasing concentrations in accordance with flow dilution. Extracellular MC showed the opposite trend and increased from upstream to downstream in accordance with the lysing of the cells at elevated salinities. Surface sediment samples contained high densities of colonial Microcystis in freshwater and with decreasing concentrations along the salinity gradient, similar to cells concentrations in the water column. Intracellular MC was detected in sediment at all sites except at the marine outlet suggesting the survival of intact cells. Extracellular MC concentrations in sediment were up to five times higher than intracellular concentrations suggesting incomplete MC degradation. mcyB genes were present at all sites, while mcyA genes were absent at the marine outlet suggesting the presence of toxic strains along the estuary. The high densities of intact colonies of potentially toxic Microcystis in the estuarine sediment strongly suggest that sediments can act as an inoculum of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in estuaries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Maxime Georges des Aulnois for help with field work, Marion Chorin for nutrient analyses, and Gorenka Bojadzija Savic for finalization of the figures. Microscopy and biochemical analyses were performed at the Experimental Ecology (ECOLEX) and the Analytical (PLAY) platforms of the UMR Ecobio. The physico-chemical characteristics of the sediments were analyzed by the SARM laboratory of the CRPG-CNRS in Nancy, France. This project was financially supported by the ANSES (Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail) under the Bieautox project EST-2015-191. The helpful suggestions from the reviewers are also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS, ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France

    Myriam Bormans & Emilien Mineaud

  2. Phycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, 44311, Nantes, France

    Véronique Savar, Elise Robert & Zouher Amzil

  3. ATHOS Environnement, 112 Avenue du Brézet, 63100, Clermont Ferrand, France

    Benjamin Legrand

  4. UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Bat 18, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France

    Emilie Lance

  5. UMR 7245 MNHN/CNRS MCAM, équipe CCE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 12 rue Buffon, 75231, Paris, France

    Emilie Lance

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  1. Myriam Bormans
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  2. Véronique Savar
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Bormans, M., Savar, V., Legrand, B. et al. Cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in estuarine water and sediment. Aquat Ecol 54, 625–640 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-020-09764-y

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