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Genetic diversity and structure of the tropical seagrass Cymodocea serrulata spanning its central diversity hotspot and range edge

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Abstract

Persistence of populations at their distributional ranges relies on local population dynamics and the fitness of species with low dispersal potential. We analyzed the population genetic diversity and structure of a tropical seagrass species, Cymodocea serrulata, at 34 sites spanning Philippine (diversity hotspot) and Ryukyu Islands (northern limit of distribution) populations using microsatellite (SSR) markers. Seagrass populations in the diversity hotspot are hypothesized to contain higher genetic diversity and clonal richness than those resulting from expansion or geographic range limits. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the genetic diversity, genetic structure and clonal richness of C. serrulata populations in the Philippines and Ryukyu Islands. C. serrulata populations showed decreased genetic diversity and clonal richness at their northern limit. Clonal reproduction predominated at the northern limit, while sexual reproduction prevailed in the diversity hotspot. Decreased genetic diversity and clonal richness at the northern limit may be the consequence of drift resulting from founder effect, reduced habitat, sea surface temperature and low gene flow and/or natural selection across life stages, wherein clonal reproduction confers greater environmental fitness. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and the fixation index, F ST, showed significant genetic differentiation within and among geographic populations. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that the Ryukyu Islands populations were mosaics of genets from the eastern Philippines, likely carried by the Kuroshio Current.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all persons involved in carrying out the sample collections. We also thank all the local government unit (LGU) officials in the Philippines and Ryukyu Islands for allowing us to collect samples from the different sites. We acknowledge BFAR for the permission to gather the materials. We greatly thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive suggestions that improved the manuscript. This research was funded by the Japanese Science and Technology Agency/Japanese International Cooperation Agency–Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA-SATREPS) for the Coastal Ecosystem Conservation and Adaptive Management Project under Local and Global Environmental Impacts in the Philippines (CECAM).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Environmental Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan

    Dan M. Arriesgado & Kazuo Nadaoka

  2. Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-8 Midori-cho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan

    Dan M. Arriesgado, Hiroyuki Kurokochi, Yuichi Nakajima, Yu Matsuki & Chunlan Lian

  3. Institute of Fisheries Research and Development, Mindanao State University at Naawan, 9023, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines

    Dan M. Arriesgado & Wilfredo H. Uy

  4. Marine Science Institute CS, University of the Philippines, 1101, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

    Miguel D. Fortes

  5. Division of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines in the Visayas, 5023, Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines

    Wilfredo L. Campos

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  1. Dan M. Arriesgado
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  2. Hiroyuki Kurokochi
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Correspondence to Chunlan Lian.

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Arriesgado, D.M., Kurokochi, H., Nakajima, Y. et al. Genetic diversity and structure of the tropical seagrass Cymodocea serrulata spanning its central diversity hotspot and range edge. Aquat Ecol 49, 357–372 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-015-9529-0

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