Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Modeling and experiments on Galfenol energy harvester

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Acta Mechanica Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vibration energy harvesting can solve the energy supplying problem of systems like wireless sensors networks. The Galfenol cantilever beam energy harvester is suitable for this application. According to the electromechanical conversion principle, the constitutive relation of Galfenol is built. A magnetization model is also established, based on the hysteresis model of Galfenol. Combining the magneto-mechanical coupling model, the constitutive relation of Galfenol and the electromagnetic induction law, the mathematical model of Galfenol vibration energy harvester is established. A hyperbolic curve-shaped cantilever beam is designed and its performance is compared to three types of cantilever beams: rectangle, trapezoidal, and triangle. The stress distribution, modal analysis and frequency response of these four shapes of beams are compared. The hyperbolic beam is more suitable for low frequency vibration harvesting. The strain on the beams, output voltage and power output response to these energy harvesters, under different natural vibration frequencies, are determined by simulation. Finally, the simulation results are compared to experimental electric outputs of all four types of prototype beams. The comparative study showed consistency between the experimental and the simulation results, and also that the peak-to-peak induction voltage value of the hyperbolic beam is larger than other shapes of energy harvesters, whose average value is at 269.8 mV. The maximum power output of the hyperbolic beam is 403.8 μW when connected with a 50 Ω resistance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Foong, F.M., Thein, C.K., Yurchenko, D.: On mechanical damping of cantilever beam-based electromagnetic resonators. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 119, 120–137 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Yan, B., Zhou, S., Zhao, C., et al.: Electromagnetic energy harvester for vibration control of space rack: modeling, optimization, and analysis. J. Aerosp. Eng. 32(1), 04018126 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Kambale, R.C., Yoon, W.H., Park, D.S., et al.: Magnetoelectric properties and magnetomechanical energy harvesting from stray vibration and electromagnetic wave by Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(ZrTi)O3 single crystal/Ni cantilever. J. Appl. Phys. 113(20), 204180 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Risquez, S., Woytasik, M., Coste, P., et al.: Additive fabrication of a 3D electrostatic energy harvesting microdevice designed to power a leadless pacemaker. Microsyst. Technol. 24, 5017–5026 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lu, Y., Juillard, J., Cottone, F., et al.: An impact-coupled MEMS electrostatic kinetic energy harvester and its predictive model taking nonlinear air damping effect into account. J. Microrlecteomech. Syst. 27, 1041–1053 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang, C., Harne, R.L., Li, B., et al.: Statistical quantification of DC power generated by bistable piezoelectric energy harvesters when driven by random excitations. J. Sound Vib. 442, 770–786 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shih, H.A., Su, W.J.: Theoretical analysis and experimental study of a nonlinear U-shaped bi-directional piezoelectric energy harvester. Smart Mater. Struct. 28(1), 015017 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Kwon, S.C., Onoda, J., Oh, H.U.: Performance evaluation of a novel piezoelectric-based high frequency surge-inducing synchronized switching strategy for micro-scale energy harvesting. Mech. Syst. Signal Pr. 117, 361–382 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fatehi, P., Farid, M.: Piezoelectric energy harvesting from nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded beams: finite-element approach. J. Eng. Mech. 145(1), 04018116 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Germer, M., Marschner, U.,Flatau, A.B.: Design and experimental verification of an improved magnetostrictive energy harvester. In: APSSIS 2017, March 26–29, 2017, Portland, OR, US. SPIE, 10164, 101643A (2017)

  11. Meng, A., Yang, J., Jiang, S., et al.: Design and experiments of a column giant magnetostrictive energy harvester. J. Vib. Shock 36, 175–180 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Yan, B., Zhang, C., Li, L.: Design and fabrication of a high-efficiency magnetostrictive energy harvester for high-impact vibration systems. IEEE Trans. Magn. 51, 1–4 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ueno, T., Yamada, S.: Performance of energy harvester using iron-gallium alloy in free vibration. In: INTERMAG 2011, April 25–29, 2011, Taiwan, China, 47, 2407-2409 (2011)

  14. Rezaeealam, B., Ueno, T., Yamada, S.: Finite element analysis of Galfenol unimorph vibration energy harvester. IEEE Trans. Magn. 48, 3977–3980 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Engdahl, G.: Handbook of Giant Magnetostrictive Materials, vol. 107, pp. 1–125. Academic Press, San Diego (2000)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  16. Li, Z., Shan, J., Gabbert, U.: Development of reduced preisach model using discrete empirical interpolation method. ITIE 65, 8072–8079 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Zhao, R., Wang, B.: Modified J-A model and parameter identification based on data mining. J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst. 35, 461–468 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Jiles, D.C., Li, L.: A new approach to modeling the magnetomechanical effect. J. Appl. Phys. 95, 7058–7060 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jiles, D.C.: Modelling the effects of eddy current losses on frequency dependent hysteresis in electrically conducting media. IEEE Trans. Magn. 30, 4326–4328 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Sampath, N., Ezhilarasi, D.: Analysis of cantilevered piezoelectric harvester with different proof mass geometry for low frequency vibrations. Mater. Today: Proc. 5, 21335–21342 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Baker, J., Roundy, S., Wright, P.: Alternative geometries for increasing power density in vibration energy scavenging for wireless sensor networks. In: 3rd IECEC, August 15–18, San Francisco, CA, US, pp. 959–970 (2005)

  22. Cao, D., Gao, Y., Hu, W.: Modeling and power performance improvement of a piezoelectric energy harvester for low-frequency vibration environments. Acta. Mech. Sin. 35(4), 894–911 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Li, W., Yang, X.D., Zhang, W., et al.: Free vibration analysis of a spinning piezoelectric beam with geometric nonlinearities. Acta. Mech. Sin. 35(4), 879–893 (2019)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant LY17E050026) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 51805126).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering School, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Aihua Meng, Chun Yan, Wenwu Pan, Jianfeng Yang & Shuaibing Wu

  2. Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Mingfan Li

Authors
  1. Aihua Meng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chun Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mingfan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wenwu Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jianfeng Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Shuaibing Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aihua Meng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Meng, A., Yan, C., Li, M. et al. Modeling and experiments on Galfenol energy harvester. Acta Mech. Sin. 36, 635–643 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-00943-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-020-00943-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation