Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Use of e-cigarettes in pregnancy: A systematic review of evidence published from 2020-2022

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Public Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

This study synthesised evidence related to e-cigarette use in pregnancy published from 2020 to 2022.

Subject and methods

Smoking cessation during pregnancy is a key public health focus given associations with adverse health and birth outcomes. E-cigarettes may facilitate quitting combustible cigarette use during pregnancy. A systematic search of online databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) was conducted on 25 February 2022.

Results

Thirty-seven studies investigating e-cigarette use in pregnancy were included in the review the majority of which were of ‘good’ quality (n=33). Included studies reported on one or more of; prevalence of e-cigarette use during pregnancy (n=27), birth and health-related outcomes of e-cigarette use during pregnancy (n=13), the impact of e-cigarette use on smoking cessation behaviours (n=11) and attitudes and perceptions around e-cigarette use during pregnancy (n=9). Prevalence was found to range from 1.2% to 4.8%, whilst perceptions of e-cigarette use during pregnancy were found to be more positive than those towards combustible cigarette use. Findings regarding health and birth outcomes were notably mixed, and the efficacy of e-cigarettes as a smoking cessation tool remains unclear.

Conclusion

The majority of studies published in the last two years were on prevalence of e-cigarette use in pregnancy. More high-quality evidence focusing on the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, and the health implications of e-cigarette use compared with combustible cigarette use during pregnancy is needed to support the implementation of e-cigarettes as a harm-reduction approach in practice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data is presented in this journal article or its supplementary material.

Code availability (software application or custom code)

n/a

References

  • Abraham M, Alramadhan S, Iniguez C, Duijts L, Jaddoe VWV, Den Dekker HT, Crozier S, Godfrey KM, Hindmarsh P, Vik T (2017) A systematic review of maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal measurements with meta-analysis. PLos One 12(2):e0170946

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ashford K, McCubbin A, Barnett J, Blair LM, Lei F, Bush H, Breland A (2021) Longitudinal examination of prenatal tobacco switching behaviors and birth outcomes, including Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) and dual use. Mater Child Health J 25(8):1175–1181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batstra L, Hadders-Algra M, Neeleman J (2003) Effect of antenatal exposure to maternal smoking on behavioural problems and academic achievement in childhood: prospective evidence from a Dutch birth cohort. Early Human Dev 75(1–2):21–33

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beck DC, Veliz PT, McCabe SE, Boyd CJ, Evans-Polce R (2021) Cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use during the third trimester of pregnancy in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women. Am J Addict 30(6):593–600

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Beck DC, Boyd CJ, Evans-Polce R, McCabe SE, Veliz PT (2022) An examination of how e-cigarette/cigarette use during adolescence is associated with future use during the third trimester of pregnancy. Substance Abuse 43(1):344–348

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bednarczuk N, Williams EE, Dassios T, Greenough A (2022) Nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes in pregnancy and infant respiratory outcomes. Early Human Dev 164:105509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowker K, Orton S, Cooper S, Naughton F, Whitemore R, Lewis S, Bauld L, Sinclair L, Coleman T, Dickinson A (2018) Views on and experiences of electronic cigarettes: a qualitative study of women who are pregnant or have recently given birth. BMC Preg Childbirth 18(1):1–10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowker K, Ussher M, Cooper S, Orton S, Coleman T, Campbell KA (2020) Addressing and overcoming barriers to e-cigarette use for smoking cessation in pregnancy: A qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(13):4823

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bowker K, Lewis S, Phillips L, Orton S, Ussher M, Naughton F, Bauld L, Coleman T, Sinclair L, McRobbie H (2021a) Pregnant women’s use of e-cigarettes in the UK: a cross-sectional survey. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol 128(6):984–993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowker K, Lewis S, Ussher M, Naughton F, Phillips L, Coleman T, Orton S, McRobbie H, Bauld L, Cooper S (2021b) Smoking and vaping patterns during pregnancy and the postpartum: a longitudinal UK cohort survey. Addictive Behaviors 123:107050

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Calder R, Gant E, Bauld L, McNeill A, Robson D, Brose LS (2021) Vaping in pregnancy: a systematic review. Nicotine & Tobacco Res 23(9):1451–1458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardenas VM, Ali MM, Fischbach LA, Nembhard WN (2020) Dual use of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems during pregnancy and the risk of small for gestational age neonates. Annals Epidemiol 52:86–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Claire R, Chamberlain C, Davey M, Cooper SE, Berlin I, Leonardi-Bee J, Coleman T (2020) Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Systematic Rev 3. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010078.pub3

  • Cohn AM, Elmasry H, Wild RC, Johnson AL, Abudayyeh H, Kurti A, Coleman-Cowger VH (2022) Birth Outcomes Associated With E-Cigarette and Non–E-Cigarette Tobacco Product Use During Pregnancy: An Examination of PATH Data Waves 1–5. Nicotine Tobacco Res 25(3):444–452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman SRM, Bunn JY, Nighbor TD, Kurti AN, Bolívar HA, Tyndale RF, Higgins ST (2021) Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) among US women of reproductive age: Prevalence, reported reasons for use, and toxin exposure. Prev Med 152:106582

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Damron KR (2017) Review of the relationships among psychosocial stress, secondhand smoke, and perinatal smoking. J Obstetric, Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 46(3):325–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dhalwani NN, Szatkowski L, Coleman T, Fiaschi L, Tata LJ et al (2019) Stillbirth among women prescribed nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy: analysis of a large UK pregnancy cohort. Nicotine & Tobacco Res 21(4):409–415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Digital NHS (2019) Statistics on Women’s Smoking Status at Time of Delivery: England. Quarter 4:2021–2022. https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/statistics-on-women-s-smoking-status-at-time-of-delivery-england/quarter-4-2021-22.  Accessed Apr 2023

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobbs PD, Branscum P, Cohn AM, Tackett AP, Comiford AL (2021a) Pregnant Smokers’ Intention to Switch From Cigarettes to E-Cigarettes: A Reasoned Action Approach. Women’s Health Issues 31(6):540–549

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dobbs PD, Lu Y, Maness S, Coleman L, Johnson A, Metz S, Vidal C, Cheney MK (2021b) Gestational women’s perceptions about the harms of cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy. Maternal Child Health J 25(8):1209–1220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer JB, Broide RS, Leslie FM (2008) Nicotine and brain development. Birth Defects Res Part C: Embryo Today: Rev 84(1):30–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • England LJ, Tong VT, Koblitz A, Kish-Doto J, Lynch MM, Southwell BG (2016) Perceptions of emerging tobacco products and nicotine replacement therapy among pregnant women and women planning a pregnancy. J Prev Med Reports 4:481–485

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford A, Uny I, Lowes J, Naughton F, Cooper S, Coleman T, Hajek P, Przulj D, Myers Smith K, Bauld L (2021) A qualitative study of factors influencing adherence among pregnant women taking part in a trial of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(2):430

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Froggatt S, Reissland N, Covey J (2020) The effects of prenatal cigarette and e-cigarette exposure on infant neurobehaviour: A comparison to a control group. EClinicalMed 28:100602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Froggatt S, Reissland N, Covey J (2021a) Risk perception of cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy: a qualitative postpartum perspective. Midwifery 94:102917

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Froggatt S, Reissland N, Covey J, Kumarendran K (2021b) Foetal mouth movements: Effects of nicotine. Acta Paediatrica 110(11):3014–3020

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Galbo A, Izhakoff N, Courington C, Castro G, Lozano J, Ruiz-Pelaz J (2022) The Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use During Pregnancy and Unfavorable Birth Outcomes. Cureus Journal of. Med Sci 14(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.26748

  • Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, Prokopowicz A, Jablonska-Czapla M, Rosik-Dulewska C, Havel C (2014) Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tobacco Control 23(2):133–139

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grant A, Morgan M, Gallagher D, Mannay D (2020) Smoking during pregnancy, stigma and secrets: Visual methods exploration in the UK. Women & Birth 33(1):70–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green MJ, Gray L, Sweeting H, Benzeval M (2020) Socioeconomic patterning of vaping by smoking status among UK adults and youth. BMC Public Health 20(1):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, Li J, Parrott S, Sasieni P, Dawkins L (2019) A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. New England J Med 380(7):629–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamadneh J, Hamadneh S, Amarin Z, Al-Beitawi S (2021) Knowledge, attitude and smoking patterns among pregnant women: a Jordanian perspective. Annals Glob Health 87(1)

  • Hartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Butler AR, Lindson N, Bullen C, Begh R, Theodoulou A, Notley C, Rigotti NA, & Turner T (2021) Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Rev 9.  https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub6

  • Hartwell G, Thomas S, Egan M, Gilmore A, Petticrew M (2017) E-cigarettes and equity: a systematic review of differences in awareness and use between sociodemographic groups. Tobacco Control 26(e2):e85–e91

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins SS, Wylie BJ, Hacker MR (2020) Use of ENDS and cigarettes during pregnancy. Am J Prev Med 58(1):122–128

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hawkins SS, Wylie BJ, Hacker MR (2021) Associations between electronic nicotine delivery systems and birth outcomes. J Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Med 35(25):6868–6875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Head SK, Zaganjor I, Kofie JN, Sawdey MD, Cullen KA (2022) Patterns and Trends in Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Before and During Pregnancy: Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2016–2019. J Commun Health 47(2):351–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Health & Social Care Information Centre (2018) Statistics on Smoking. England

  • Hickson C, Lewis S, Campbell KA, Cooper S, Berlin I, Claire R, Oncken C, Coleman-Haynes T, Coleman T (2019) Comparison of nicotine exposure during pregnancy when smoking and abstinent with nicotine replacement therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 114(3):406–424

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook BD (2016) The effects of nicotine on human fetal development. Birth Defects Res Part C: Embryo Today: Rev 108(2):181–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu R, Myers AE, Ribisl KM, Marteau TM (2013) An observational study of retail availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London: potential to undermine recent tobacco control gains? BMJ Open 3(12):e004085

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter A, Yargawa J, Notley C, Ussher M, Bobak A, Murray RL, Nath S, Cooper S (2021) Healthcare Professionals’ Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behavior Around Vaping in Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Qualitative Study. Nicotine Tobacco Res 23(3):471–478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kahr MK, Padgett S, Shope CD, Griffin EN, Xie SS, Gonzalez PJ, Levison J, Mastrobattista J, Abramovici AR, Northrup TF (2015) A qualitative assessment of the perceived risks of electronic cigarette and hookah use in pregnancy. BMC Public Health 15(1):1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim S (2020) Changes in multiple and different tobacco product use behaviors in women before and during pregnancy: an analysis of longitudinal population assessment of tobacco and health data. Am J Prev Med 59(4):588–592

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kim S, Oancea SC (2020) Electronic cigarettes may not be a “safer alternative” of conventional cigarettes during pregnancy: evidence from the nationally representative PRAMS data. BMC Preg Childbirth 20(1):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurti AN, Bunn JY, Villanti AC, Stanton CA, Redner R, Lopez AA, Gaalema DE, Doogan NJ, Cepeda-Benito A, Roberts ME, Phillips JK, Quisenberry AJ, Keith DR, Higgins S (2018) Patterns of Single and Multiple Tobacco Product Use Among US Women of Reproductive Age. Nicotine Tobacco Res 20:S71–S80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurti AN, Bunn JY, Tang K, Nighbor T, Gaalema DE, Coleman-Cowger V, Coleman SRM, Higgins ST (2020) Impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems and other respondent characteristics on tobacco use transitions among a US national sample of women of reproductive age. Drug Alcohol Dependence 207:107801

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lange S, Probst C, Rehm J, Popova S (2018) National, regional, and global prevalence of smoking during pregnancy in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health 6(7):e769–e776

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Du Y, Wu Y, Sun Y, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Bao W (2021) Prevalence and distribution of electronic cigarette use before and during pregnancy among women in 38 states of the United States. Nicotine Tobacco Res 23(9):1459–1467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lockwood C, Munn Z, Porritt K (2015) Qualitative research synthesis: methodological guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation. JBI Evidence Implement 13(3):179–187. https://doi.org/10.1097/XEB.0000000000000062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mark KS, Farquhar B, Chisolm MS, Coleman-Cowger VH, Terplan M (2015) Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of electronic cigarette use among pregnant women. J Addict Med 9(4):266–272

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McAndrew F, Thompson J, Fellows L, Large A, Speed M, Renfrew MJ (2012) Infant feeding survey 2010. Leeds: Health & Social Care Information Centre 2(1)

  • McCubbin A, Wiggins A, Barnett J, Ashford K (2020) Perceptions, characteristics, and behaviors of cigarette and electronic cigarette use among pregnant smokers. Women’s Health Issues 30(3):221–229

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • McDonnell BP, Dicker P, Regan CL (2020) Electronic cigarettes and obstetric outcomes: a prospective observational study. BJOG: An Int J Obstet Gynaecol 127(6):750–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNeill A, Brose LS, Calder R, Bauld L, Robson D (2018) Evidence review of e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products 2018. In: A Report Commissioned by Public Health England. Public Health England, London, p 6

    Google Scholar 

  • McNeill A, Brose L, Calder R, Bauld L, Robson D (2020) Vaping in England: an evidence update including mental health and pregnancy, March 2020. Public Health England: London

  • Mescolo F, Ferrante G, La Grutta S (2021) Effects of e-cigarette exposure on prenatal life and childhood respiratory health: a review of current evidence. Front Pediatrics 9:711573

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moola S, Munn Z, Tufanaru C, Aromataris E, Sears K, Sfetcu R, Currie M, Qureshi R, Mattis P, & Lisy KJ (2017) Chapter 7: Systematic reviews of etiology and risk. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute, 5

  • Munn Z, Moola S, Lisy K, Riitano D, Tufanaru C (2015) Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. Int J Evidence-Based Healthcare 13(3):147–153

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (2021) Tobacco: preventing uptake, promoting quitting and treating dependence NICE guideline [NG209]. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng209. Accessed Apr 2023

  • Navarro HA, Seidler FJ, Eylers JP, Baker FE, Dobbins SS, Lappi SE, Slotkin TA (1989) Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on development of central and peripheral cholinergic neurotransmitter systems. Evidence for cholinergic trophic influences in developing brain. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeutics 251(3):894–900

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Network SPI (2020) A Briefing for Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire (BANESSW) LMS. https://smokefreeaction.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/A-Briefing-for-Bath-and-North-East-Somerset-Swindon-and-Wiltshire-LMS.pdf.  Accessed Apr 2023

  • Nguyen T, Li GE, Chen H, Cranfield CG, McGrath KC, Gorrie CA (2019) Neurological effects in the offspring after switching from tobacco cigarettes to e-cigarettes during pregnancy in a mouse model. Toxicol Sci 172(1):191–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Obisesan OH, Osei AD, Uddin SMI, Dzaye O, Cainzos-Achirica M, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, Sharma G, Al Rifai M, Stokes A (2020) E-cigarette use patterns and high-risk behaviors in pregnancy: Behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 2016–2018. Am J Prev Med 59(2):187–195

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Oncken C, Ricci KA, Kuo CL, Dornelas E, Kranzler HR, Sankey HZ (2017) Correlates of electronic cigarettes use before and during pregnancy. Nicotine Tobacco Res 19(5):585–590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opondo C, Harrison S, Alderdice F, Carson C, Quigley MA (2021) Electronic cigarette use (vaping) and patterns of tobacco cigarette smoking in pregnancy–evidence from a population-based maternity survey in England. PLos One 16(6):e0252817

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Orr MS (2014) Electronic cigarettes in the USA: a summary of available toxicology data and suggestions for the future. Tobacco Control 23(2):ii18–ii22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A (2016) Rayyan-a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Systematic Rev 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

  • Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Systematic Rev 10(1):1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips L, Campbell KA, Coleman T, Ussher M, Cooper S, Lewis S, Orton S (2021) Barriers and Facilitators to Staying Smoke-Free after Having a Baby, a Qualitative Study: Women’s Views on Support Needed to Prevent Returning to Smoking Postpartum. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18(21):11358

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Pineles BL, Park E, Samet JM (2014) Systematic review and meta-analysis of miscarriage and maternal exposure to tobacco smoke during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol 179(7):807–823

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Public Health England (2020) Maternity high impact area: Supporting parents to have a smoke free pregnancy. https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/38000/1/Maternity_high_impact_area_5_Supporting_parents_to_have_a_smokefree_pregnancy.pdf. Accessed Apr 2023

  • Public Health England Vaping in England: 2021 evidence update summary (2021) Accessed July 2022.   https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vaping-in-england-evidence-update-february-2021/vaping-in-england-2021-evidence-update-summary#vaping-among-young-people

  • Regan AK, Pereira G (2021) Patterns of combustible and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy and associated pregnancy outcomes. Scientific Reports 11(1):1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Regan AK, Bombard JM, O’Hegarty MM, Smith RA, Tong VT (2021) Adverse birth outcomes associated with prepregnancy and prenatal electronic cigarette use. Obstet Gynecol 138(1):85–94

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rollins LG, Sokol NA, McCallum M, England L, Matteson K, Werner E, Stroud LR (2020) Electronic cigarette use during preconception and/or pregnancy: Prevalence, characteristics, and concurrent mental health conditions. J Women’s Health 29(6):780–788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rose SW, Barker DC, D’Angelo H, Khan T, Huang J, Chaloupka FJ, Ribisl KM (2014) The availability of electronic cigarettes in US retail outlets, 2012: results of two national studies. Tobacco Control 23(3):iii10–iii16

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilling L, Spallek J, Maul H, Tallarek M, Schneider S (2021) Active and passive exposure to tobacco and e-cigarettes during pregnancy. Mater Child Health J 25(4):656–665

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shittu AAT, Kumar BP, Okafor U, Berkelhamer SK, Goniewicz ML, & Wen X (2022) Changes in e-cigarette and cigarette use during pregnancy and their association with small-for-gestational-age birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 226(5)

  • Shobeiri F, Masoumi SZ, Jenabi E (2017) The association between maternal smoking and placenta abruption: a meta-analysis. J Mater-Fetal Neonatal Med 30(16):1963–1967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siu AL (2015) Behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant women: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 163(8):622–634

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stacey T, Samples J, Leadley C, Akester L, Jenney A (2022) I don’t need you to criticise me, I need you to support me’ A qualitative study of women’s experiences of and attitudes to smoking cessation during pregnancy. Women Birth 35(6):e549–e555

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Testa A, Jackson DB, Boccio C (2021a) Incarceration exposure and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy: Findings from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, 2016–2018. Prev Med 143:106375

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Testa A, Jackson DB, Boccio C (2021b) Stressful life events and electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Social Sci Med 276:113845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tong VT, England LJ, Dietz PM, Asare LA (2008) Smoking patterns and use of cessation interventions during pregnancy. Am J Prev Med 35(4):327–333

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tuenter A, Bautista Nino PK, Vitezova A, Pantavos A, Bramer WM, Franco OH, Felix JF (2019) Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in smoking-exposed pregnant women: A systematic review. Mater Child Nutrition 15(1):e12675

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner-Warwick M (1992) Smoking and the young: a report of a working party of the Royal College of Physicians. Tobacco Control 1(3):231–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • US Department of Health & Human Services (2016) E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: A report of the Surgeon General. Washington DC

  • Vickerman KA, Beebe LA, Schauer GL, Magnusson B, King BA (2017) Electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use during smoking cessation: a qualitative study of 40 Oklahoma quitline callers. BMJ Open 7(4):e013079

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wagner NJ, Camerota M, Propper C (2017) Prevalence and perceptions of electronic cigarette use during pregnancy. Mater Child Health J 21(8):1655–1661

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Lee NL, Burstyn I (2020) Smoking and use of electronic cigarettes (vaping) in relation to preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age in a 2016 US national sample. Prev Med 134:106041

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wantanabe H, Fukuoka H (2016) Maternal Smoking and Perinatal Outcomes. Austin J Drug Abus Addict 3:1007

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Angley M, Qi X, Lu L, D'Alton M, Kahe K (2022) Maternal electronic cigarette exposure in relation to offspring development–a comprehensive review. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 4(5):100659

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was commissioned by Warwickshire County Council, UK.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Lauren Bell, Maxine Whelan, Lucie Thomas, Deborah Lycett & Riya Patel

  2. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK

    Emily Edwards

  3. Public Health Team, Warwickshire County Council, Coventry, UK

    Kelly Hayward & Katie Wilson

  4. University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK

    Rachel Harrison

Authors
  1. Lauren Bell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Maxine Whelan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lucie Thomas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Emily Edwards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Deborah Lycett
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kelly Hayward
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Katie Wilson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Rachel Harrison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Riya Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Lauren Bell: Conceptualisation, Data curation, Methodology, Investigation, Project administration, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft;

Maxine Whelan: Conceptualisation, Data curation, Methodology, Investigation, Project Administration, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing;

Lucie Thomas: Data curation, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing;

Emily Edwards: Data curation, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing;

Deborah Lycett: Conceptualisation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing;

Kelly Hayward: Conceptualisation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing;

Katie Wilson: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing;

Rachel Harrison: Conceptualisation, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing;

Riya Patel: Conceptualisation, Data curation, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing, Supervision;

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Riya Patel.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Ethical approval was acquired from Coventry University (ref: P134385).

Consent to participate

n/a

Consent for publication

n/a

Conflicts of interest

KH, RH and KW report involvement in design and delivery of a pilot e-cigarette in pregnancy programme in Warwickshire, UK. DL, LB, LT, MW and RP are involved in the evaluation of this pilot programme.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Search strategies used and the characteristics of included studies are included in the supplementary material.

ESM 1

(DOCX 32 kb)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bell, L., Whelan, M., Thomas, L. et al. Use of e-cigarettes in pregnancy: A systematic review of evidence published from 2020-2022. J Public Health (Berl.) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02026-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-02026-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation