Abstract
Purpose
Poor sleep quality is a serious problem for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to compare the sleep quality of individuals with and without DM, and its related factors in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS) population.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional study based on the data of the PGCS including 1560 participants with and without DM aged 35 to 70 years. Demographical data and clinical characteristics of participants were recorded, and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire, which includes 19 items in 7 areas of sleep, was completed for each participant. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software (version 16) with significance level of less than 0.05.
Results
Out of a total of 1560 people, 780 had DM and 780 did not have DM. The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 28.1% (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI 0.89–1.49) and 25.5% (aOR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.91–1.43) in individuals with and without DM, respectively (P = 0.277). The mean total score of sleep quality in individuals with DM was lower than in those without DM in the components of sleep (P = 0.034). Individuals with DM age ≥ 56 years, (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.16), women (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.28–3.62), rural participants (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.83–3.84), and having underlying diseases (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.55–4.08) were associated with poor sleep quality.
Conclusion
According to the results of the present study, underlying diseases in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups were associated with poor sleep quality.
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Data availability
The study protocol and the datasets analyzed are available from the corresponding author upon request.
Abbreviations
- DM:
-
Diabetes mellitus
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- MET:
-
Metabolic equivalent of task
- PSQI:
-
Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire
- non-REM:
-
None rapid eyes movement
- PERSIAN:
-
Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults
- PGCS:
-
PERSIAN Guilan cohort study
- T2DM:
-
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank all staff of PGCS for their kind help in data collection.
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SSKH, AGH, SM, AI, and ZAR cooperated in data collecting and analyzing. FJ and FMGH designed and supervised the study. TZ and NF wrote the manuscript. All contributed to the editing and refinement of the final version of the manuscript. The authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Written consent was taken after informing the purpose and importance of the study to each participant. To ensure confidentiality of participant’s information, codes were used whereby the name of the participant and any identifier of participants was not written on the questionnaire. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants. This study is in accordance with the ethical code of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran (IR.GUMS.REC.1399.605).
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This study was approved by the ethics committees at the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Digestive Diseases Research Institute of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.
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Joukar, F., Khoshgoftar, S.S., Ghanbari, A. et al. Sleep quality and associated factors among individuals with and without diabetes: PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS). J Public Health (Berl.) (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-01958-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-023-01958-6