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Kolorektales Karzinom

Colorectal cancer

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Zusammenfassung

Als eine der häufigsten Tumorentitäten weltweit ist das kolorektale Karzinom für etwa 10 % aller malignom-assoziierten Todesfälle verantwortlich. Durch Screening Programme wie die Vorsorgekoloskopie sehen wir in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine fallende Inzidenz sowie Mortalität. Viele Risikofaktoren, welche die Entwicklung eines kolorektalen Karzinoms begünstigen, aber auch verhindern, lassen sich auf Faktoren des Lebensstils zurückführen.

Durch Tumorresektion und adjuvante Chemotherapie kann ein Teil der Betroffenen im lokalisierten Stadium der Erkrankung geheilt werden, im fortgeschrittenen Stadium gab es durch neue gezielte Therapie und Immuntherapie in den letzten Jahren eine Verbesserung des Überlebens.

Das Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist es, einen kurzen Überblick über die Grundlagen der Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie des kolorektalen Karzinoms zu verschaffen, und auch einen kurzen Auszug aus den aktuellen Therapieentwicklungen wiederzugeben.

Summary

Being one of the most common tumor entities worldwide, the colorectal carcinoma accounts for approximately 10% of all tumor-related deaths. With screening programs such as preventive colonoscopy, a decreasing incidence and mortality rate can be seen in the last decades. Many risk factors, which favor or prevent the development of colorectal carcinoma, can be traced back to lifestyle choices. Many patients with localized disease can be cured through tumor resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, in systemic disease, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have improved survival in the last years. This article aims to provide an overview on the basic epidemiologic, diagnostic and therapeutic principles of colorectal carcinoma, as well as a short excerpt of the newest therapeutic developments.

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Correspondence to Cheng Zhang.

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C. Zhang, M. Stampfl-Mattersberger, R. Ruckser und C. Sebesta geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Hinweis des Verlags

Der Verlag bleibt in Hinblick auf geografische Zuordnungen und Gebietsbezeichnungen in veröffentlichten Karten und Institutsadressen neutral.

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Zhang, C., Stampfl-Mattersberger, M., Ruckser, R. et al. Kolorektales Karzinom. Wien Med Wochenschr 173, 216–220 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-022-00975-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-022-00975-6

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