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Response of an Invasive Weed, Lepyrodiclis holosteoides Fenzl., and Wheat to Nitrogen and Auxinic Herbicides Applied in Pre and Tank Mix with Photosynthetic Inhibitors

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Abstract

Some herbicides, notably 2,4‑D, are efficient at suppressing broadleaf weeds in wheat. No information is available on the effect of L. holosteoides on wheat yield losses. A variety of integrated nitrogen rates (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N ha−1 from urea) and postemergence herbicides (2,4-D+MCPA tank mixed with bentazon, bromoxynil+MCPA, bromoxynil +2,4‑D, and bentazon+dichlorprop-p) were investigated in winter wheat for their effects on weed control, wheat growth, and yield. A split plot experiment with three replications was conducted in a semiarid environment in 2018–2020. Main-and sub-plots received nitrogen rates and herbicides. All attributes examined had no N‑herbicide interactions. L. holosteoides was controlled best with 2,4-D+MCPA tank combined with bentazon (95%), followed by bromoxynil +2,4‑D (84%), bentazon+dichlorprop‑p (81%), and bromoxynil+MCPA (71%). L. holosteoides’s dry weight and leaf area index were 6.67 g m−2 and 0.049 with 2,4-D+MCPA and bentazon, respectively. Herbicides enhanced wheat output by 12 to 25%. For 60 L. holosteoides plants m−2, grain yield dropped 25%. Overall, N rates had little influence on L. holosteoides growth and control. Moderate N treatment increased wheat’s leaf greenness, area, grain yield, and yield components. The maximum grain yield (6428 kg ha−1) was achieved with the application of 147 kg N ha−1 and bentazon+dichlorprop‑p.

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Funding

This study was funded by Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336, Tehran, Iran

    Zahra Heydari & Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli

  2. Department of Agricultural Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran

    Saeed Reza Yaghoobi

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  1. Zahra Heydari
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  2. Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
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Contributions

Zahra Heydari: Investigation, Field practices; Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli: Conceptualization, Project administration, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing—Original draft preparation; Saeed Reza Yaghoobi: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing−Original draft preparation.

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Correspondence to Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli.

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Conflict of interest

Z. Heydari, A. Mokhtassi-Bidgoli and S. R. Yaghoobi declare that they have no competing interests.

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The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Heydari, Z., Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. & Yaghoobi, S.R. Response of an Invasive Weed, Lepyrodiclis holosteoides Fenzl., and Wheat to Nitrogen and Auxinic Herbicides Applied in Pre and Tank Mix with Photosynthetic Inhibitors. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 747–755 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00758-4

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