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Assessment of Agro-Morphological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions with Multi-Variate Analyses and Applications

Bewertung von agromorphologischen Merkmalen von Genotypen der gemeinen Bohnen, die unter Bedingungen des ökologischen Landbaus angebaut werden, mit multivariaten Analysen und Anwendungen

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Abstract

Among the edible legumes, the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has first place in the world in terms of production quantity and plays a great role in human nutrition. There is an ever-increasing interest in organically-grown foodstuffs, especially by dieticians and conscious consumers who wish to consume chemical residue-free products. This study was conducted in the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons under organic farming conditions without any chemical inputs to determine agro-morphological traits of 16 registered common bean cultivars and 4 local genotypes. Experiments were conducted in randomized blocks design with 3 replications. For agro-morphological traits, plant height (PH), first pod height (FPH), number of branches per plant (NBP), number of pods per plant (NPP), number of seeds per pod (NSPO), number of seeds per plant (NSPL), seed yield (SY), 100-seed weight (100-SW) and seed protein content (PC) were investigated. Experimental data were assessed through multi-variate analysis methods. Correlation analysis revealed the greatest positive correlation between NPP—NSPL (r = 0.8851) and the greatest negative correlation between NSPL—100 SW (r = −0.6118). In principal component analysis (PCA) the first principal component (PC1) axis had NSPL, NPP, NSPO, FPH and 100-SW parameters and explained 41.28% of the total variation. The first 3 principal components explained 76.29% of the total variation. Hierarchical cluster analysis, performed to determine genetic relationships among the genotypes, revealed 5 main clusters and Güzelöz genotype alone formed the 5th cluster. The greatest genetic distance of cultivars was encountered between Adabeyazı—Aras cultivars (6.963) and the greatest genetic distance of local genotypes was seen between Güzelöz—Aras genotypes (4.944).

Zusammenfassung

Unter den essbaren Hülsenfrüchten, die Gemeine Bohne (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hat weltweit den ersten Platz in Bezug auf die Produktionsmenge und spielt eine große Rolle in der menschlichen Ernährung. Das Interesse an Lebensmitteln aus biologischem Anbau wächst ständig, insbesondere von Ernährungswissenschaftlern und bewussten Verbrauchern, die Produkte ohne chemische Rückstände konsumieren möchten. Diese Studie wurde in den Vegetationsperioden 2018 und 2019 unter Bedingungen des ökologischen Landbaus ohne chemische Zusätze durchgeführt, um agromorphologische Merkmale von 16 registrierten gemeinen Bohnensorten und 4 lokalen Genotypen zu bestimmen. Die Experimente wurden in einem randomisierten Blockdesign mit 3 Wiederholungen durchgeführt. Für agromorphologische Merkmale, Pflanzenhöhe (PH), die erste Podhöhe (FPH), Anzahl der Blätter pro Pflanze (NBP), Anzahl Schoten pro Pflanze (NPP), Anzahl Samen pro Schote (NSPO), Anzahl der Samen pro Pflanze (NSPL), Samenertrag (SY), 100-Samen-Gewicht (100-SW) und Samenproteingehalt (PC) wurden untersucht. Versuchsdaten wurden durch multivariate Analysemethoden bewertet. Die Korrelationsanalyse ergab die größte positive Korrelation zwischen NPP – NSPL (r=0,8851) und die größte negative Korrelation zwischen NSPL–100 SW (r = −0,6118). In der Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) hatte die erste Hauptkomponentenachse (PC1) NSPL-, NPP-, NSPO-, FPH- und 100-SW-Parameter und erklärte 41,28 % der Gesamtvariation. Die ersten drei Hauptkomponenten erklärten 76,29 % der Gesamtvariation. Eine hierarchische Clusteranalyse, die durchgeführt wurde, um genetische Beziehungen zwischen den Genotypen zu bestimmen, ergab fünf Hauptcluster, und der Güzelöz Genotyp allein bildete den fünften Cluster. Die größte genetische Distanz von Genotypen wurde zwischen Adabeyazı-Aras Genotypen (6.963) und die größte genetische Distanz lokaler Genotypen wurde zwischen Güzelöz-Aras Genotypen (4.944) festgestellt.

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Funding

This study was supported by Turkish Scientific Research Council (TUBİTAK) with the project number of 119O226.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Hamdi Ozaktan & Satı Uzun

  2. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

    Oguzhan Uzun

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Cemalettin Yasar Ciftci

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  1. Hamdi Ozaktan
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Correspondence to Hamdi Ozaktan.

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H. Ozaktan, S. Uzun, O. Uzun and C. Yasar Ciftci declare that they have no competing interests.

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Ozaktan, H., Uzun, S., Uzun, O. et al. Assessment of Agro-Morphological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes Grown Under Organic Farming Conditions with Multi-Variate Analyses and Applications. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 515–523 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00713-3

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