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Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Water Status and Yield Productions

Auswirkungen von Defizitbewässerung und Düngung auf den Wasserhaushalt und die Erträge von Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

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Abstract

Worldwide population is in permanent growth, leading to an over-presser on the food resources. This demand leads to an over-exploitation of land and water resources. Recently, the quinoa plant has attracted attention as alternative crop with high nutritive value and high tolerance to the marginal conditions. In this study, a field experiment was conducted during two successive seasons to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation on the agronomic performance. Four treatments of deficit irrigation (100%, 50%, 33% ETc and rainfed) were applied to one variety in the first season and to four genotypes (two varieties and two lines). The results were evaluated by measuring biomass and seed quinoa yield, water-use efficiency, harvest index, seed size and 1000 seeds weight. Results show that the implementation of deficit irrigation is an appropriate strategy to reduce the use of agricultural water and maintain relatively high yields. On the other hand, the results of the economic quality reflected by the size and weight of seed yield, indicates that quinoa can be considered a well-adapted to the conditions of water scarcity culture. According to agronomic parameters, L143 line followed by the line L11 showed a high potential of adaptation under the different treatments of stress, while the “Puno” variety presented the best performance under the favorable conditions of irrigation (100% ETc).

Zusammenfassung

Die Weltbevölkerung wächst ständig, was zu einer Überbeanspruchung der Nahrungsmittelressourcen führt. Diese Nachfrage führt zu einem Raubbau an Land- und Wasserressourcen. In letzter Zeit hat die Quinoa-Pflanze als alternative Kulturpflanze mit hohem Nährwert und hoher Toleranz gegenüber marginalen Bedingungen Aufmerksamkeit erregt. In dieser Studie wurde ein Feldexperiment in zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Saisons durchgeführt, um den Einfluss von Defizitbewässerung auf die agronomische Leistung zu untersuchen. Vier Behandlungen mit Defizitbewässerung (100 %, 50 %, 33 % ETc und Regenbewässerung) wurden in der ersten Saison auf eine Sorte und auf vier Genotypen (zwei Sorten und zwei Linien) angewendet. Die Ergebnisse wurden durch die Messung der Biomasse und des Samenertrags von Quinoa, der Wassernutzungseffizienz, des Ernteschwerpunkts, der Samengröße und des Tausendkorngewichts bewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Umsetzung der Defizitbewässerung eine geeignete Strategie ist, um den landwirtschaftlichen Wasserverbrauch zu reduzieren und relativ hohe Erträge zu erhalten. Auf der anderen Seite zeigen die Ergebnisse der wirtschaftlichen Qualität, die sich in der Größe und dem Gewicht des Samenertrags widerspiegelt, dass Quinoa als eine gut an die Bedingungen der Wasserknappheit angepasste Kultur angesehen werden kann. Nach agronomischen Parametern zeigte die Linie L143, gefolgt von der Linie L11, ein hohes Anpassungspotenzial unter den verschiedenen Stressbedingungen, während die Sorte „Puno“ die beste Leistung unter den günstigen Bewässerungsbedingungen (100 % ETc) zeigte.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by the EU 7th Framework Program through the project “Sustainable water use securing food production in dry areas of the Mediterranean region (SWUP-MED)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences, Université Chouaïb Doukali El Jadida, El Jadida, Morocco

    Rachid Fghire

  2. MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Food Science Laboratory, FCT, University of Algarve, Building 8, Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal

    Fatima Anaya

  3. Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, BP2390, Marrakech, Morocco

    Rachid Fghire, Fatima Anaya, Oudou Issa Ali, Kamal Lamnai, Boubaker Foughali & Said Wahbi

  4. Département de Biologie Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr Agadir, Agadir, Morocco

    Boubaker Foughali & Mustapha Faghire

  5. Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologies Végétales, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco

    Ouafae Benlhabib

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  1. Rachid Fghire
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  2. Fatima Anaya
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Correspondence to Rachid Fghire.

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R. Fghire, F. Anaya, O. Issa Ali, K. Lamnai, B. Foughali, M. Faghire, O. Benlhabib and S. Wahbi declare that they have no competing interests.

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Fghire, R., Anaya, F., Issa Ali, O. et al. Effects of Deficit Irrigation and Fertilization on Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Water Status and Yield Productions. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 97–110 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00591-1

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