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Changes in Growth, Yield, Photosynthetic Pigments, Biochemical Substances, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidant Activities Induced by Treatment with Different pH of Artificial acid rain in Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata)

Veränderungen von Wachstum, Ertrag, photosynthetischen Pigmenten, biochemischen Substanzen, oxidativen Schäden und antioxidativen Aktivitäten bei Kürbis (Cucurbita moschata) durch die Behandlung mit künstlichem saurem Regen bei unterschiedlichen pH-Werten

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Abstract

Acid rain is one of the major environmental problems that causes plant morphological and physiological disorders. But there are few studies about the impact of acid rain on vegetable crops. This work aimed to study the various effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) at different levels of pH (5.0, 4.5, 4.0, 3.5 or 3.0) on growth, yield, pigment content, protein, carbohydrate, water content in leaves, minerals (NPK), oxidative damage and the activity of various antioxidants in pumpkin. The results show that the plant growth, yield, chlorophyll, carotenoids, protein, carbohydrates, leaf water content, NPK in the leaves of the pumpkin crop decreased significantly with increasing levels of acidity of SAR as compared to the untreated set. H2O2 and MDA are increased by SAR treatment which depends on the level of pH value of SAR. The highest value of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde was recorded at pH 3.0 and lower at pH 5.0 of SAR treatment on the pumpkin crop. In contrast, superoxide dismutase, catalase, nitrate reductase and proline contents were accumulated at pH 3.0 and degraded at pH 5.0 of SAR treatment on pumpkin as compared to control. In conclusion, our findings suggest that pumpkin produces more reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging SAR stress through the production of enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant compounds at 3.0 pH. Meanwhile, growth inhibition as well as the photosynthesis of pumpkin and the magnitude of oxidative damage increased as acidity increased (pH 3.0 of SAR).

Zusammenfassung

Saurer Regen ist eines der größten Umweltprobleme, das morphologische und physiologische Störungen bei Pflanzen verursacht. Es gibt jedoch nur wenige Studien über die Auswirkungen von saurem Regen auf Gemüsekulturen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die verschiedenen Auswirkungen von simuliertem saurem Regen (SAR) bei unterschiedlichen pH-Werten (5,0, 4,5, 4,0, 3,5 oder 3,0) auf Wachstum, Ertrag, Pigmentgehalt, Proteine, Kohlenhydrate, Wassergehalt der Blätter, Mineralien (NPK), oxidative Schäden und die Aktivität verschiedener Antioxidanzien bei der Kürbispflanze zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Pflanzenwachstum, der Ertrag, der Chlorophyllgehalt, die Carotinoide, die Proteine, die Kohlenhydrate, der Wassergehalt der Blätter und der NPK-Gehalt in den Blättern der Kürbispflanze mit zunehmendem Säuregehalt der SAR im Vergleich zum unbehandelten Versuchsansatz deutlich abnahmen. H2O2 und MDA werden durch die SAR-Behandlung erhöht, was von der Höhe des pH-Werts von SAR abhängt. Der höchste Wert von Wasserstoffperoxid und Malondialdehyd wurde bei einem pH-Wert von 3,0 und ein niedrigerer Wert bei einem pH-Wert von 5,0 bei der SAR-Behandlung der Kürbiskulturen festgestellt. Im Gegensatz dazu wurden Superoxiddismutase, Katalase, Nitratreduktase und Prolin bei pH 3,0 akkumuliert und bei pH 5,0 der SAR-Behandlung am Kürbis im Vergleich zur Kontrolle abgebaut. Zusammenfassend deuten unsere Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass die Kürbispflanze mehr reaktive Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) produziert, die den SAR-Stress durch die Produktion von enzymatischen und nicht enzymatischen antioxidativen Verbindungen bei einem pH-Wert von 3,0 abfangen. Die Wachstumshemmung sowie die Photosyntheserate der Kürbispflanze und das Ausmaß der oxidativen Schäden nahmen mit zunehmendem Säuregrad (pH 3,0 von SAR) zu.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Chairman, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.

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  1. Environmental Botany Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, 202002, Aligarh, India

    Gufran Ahmad & Abrar A. Khan

  2. Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Heba I. Mohamed

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Ahmad, G., Khan, A.A. & Mohamed, H.I. Changes in Growth, Yield, Photosynthetic Pigments, Biochemical Substances, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidant Activities Induced by Treatment with Different pH of Artificial acid rain in Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata). Gesunde Pflanzen 73, 623–637 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00583-1

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