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Effect of Vivipary and Excessive Heat Unit Accumulation on JelIy Seed Disorder in Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

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Abstract

Vivipary is an unusual reproductive process in which seed germination starts inside the fruit while it is still attached to the plant. Initiation of seed germination and heat unit accumulation or growing degree days (GDD) in mango fruit have been attributed as major causes for jelly seed formation, which is a significant constraint in the quality fruit production of mango. We studied the incidence of vivipary and heat unit accumulation or GDD in the fruits of medium and late maturing mango cv. ‘Dashehari’ and ‘Amrapali’, respectively, and their effects on the occurrence of jelly seed in mango. Jelly seed occurrence, heat unit accumulation or GDD, Total Soluble Solid (TSS), carotenoids, antioxidants, calcium, potassium, zinc, copper and phenolic compound contents in viviparous non-jelly pulp were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of occurrence of vivipary in mango cultivars ‘Dashehari’ and ‘Amrapali’ under subtropical climatic condition. Our findings show that excessive heat unit accumulation or GDD and vivipary/seed germination are not the cause/factors that induce jelly seed disorder. Vivipary and jelly seed formation are independent biological phenomenon. TSS, phenolic content, carotenoid content and antioxidants were significantly higher in viviparous fruit. Jelly seed incidence is higher in tree-ripe fruits than in non-tree-ripe fruits of early and late mango varieties, and it seems to be genetic and environmental factors and their interaction that govern the induction and level of incidence of jelly seed formation. A better understanding of the problem will help in the development of a package of practices for production of consistently superior quality mango fruits by reducing adverse effects of jelly seed malady.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, 226101, Lucknow, India

    Israr Ahmad, Parul Sagar, Ashish Yadav & Amar Kant Kushwaha

  2. Division of Crop Production, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, 226101, Lucknow, India

    Vinod Kumar Singh & Dinesh Kumar

Authors
  1. Israr Ahmad
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  2. Parul Sagar
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  3. Ashish Yadav
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  4. Amar Kant Kushwaha
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  5. Vinod Kumar Singh
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  6. Dinesh Kumar
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Contributions

Israr Ahmad, Ashish Yadav: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation formal analysis, writing of original draft. Parul Sagar, Vinod Kumar Singh: Data curation, investigation. Amar Kant Kushwaha: Writing—review & editing. Dinesh Kumar: Resources, investigation

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Correspondence to Israr Ahmad or Ashish Yadav.

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I. Ahmad, P. Sagar, A. Yadav, A. Kant Kushwaha, V. Kumar Singh and D. Kumar declare that they have no conflict/competing interests.

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Ahmad, I., Sagar, P., Yadav, A. et al. Effect of Vivipary and Excessive Heat Unit Accumulation on JelIy Seed Disorder in Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Applied Fruit Science 66, 155–162 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-01016-1

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