Abstract
The development and homogeneity of apple trees are affected by rootstocks, but the output through conventional methods is seasonal and limited by many factors. The aim of the research was to establish the fastest and most economically viable methodology to facilitate in vitro propagation of clonal apple rootstock MM106. Explants (shoot tip and nodal segment) were surface sterilized using 3.0 to 12.0% NaOCl for 10–30 min and 0.05–0.3% HgCl2 for 2–6 min. For culture establishment, MS medium was used either alone or with 1.0–3.0 mg/l BAP and 1.0–3.0 mg/l GA3. Rooting medium involved half-strength MS medium with 0.5–2.0 mg/litre NAA and 0.5–2.0 mg/l IBA along with 0.2% activated charcoal. The highest culture establishment of 47.77 and 57.77% in the minimum number of days, i.e., 32.30 and 26.33, respectively, while the number of days taken for shoot proliferation (52.40 and 46.26), number of shoots (2.40 and 4.76) and shoot length (3.19 and 3.42 cm), were recorded using the MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0 mg/litre GA3. The media composition involving half-strength MS + 1.0 mg/litre NAA produced the highest percentage of rooted cultures (60.00) in the fewest number of days amongst all the media compositions. Furthermore, the maximum survival rate (53.33) of in vitro raised plantlets was observed with soil + sand + vermiculite + FYM (1:1:1:1 v/v/v/v) with more leaves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (2021) Area and Production Statement. pp 1–2. Directorate of Horticulture, Government of Jammu and Kashmir.
Boudabous M, Marzougui N, Ferchichi A (2010) Micropropagation of apple (Malus domestica L. cultivar Douce de Djerba) through in vitro culture of axillary buds. Acta Bot Gal 157(3):513–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2010.10516227
Castillo A, Cabrera D, Rodriguez P, Zoppolo R, Robinson T (2015) In vitro micropropagation of CG41 apple rootstock. Acta Hortic 1083:569–576
Choudhary R, Chaudhury R, Malik S, Sharma K (2015) An efficient regeneration and rapid micropropagation protocol for almond using dormant axillary buds as explants. Ind J Expt Biol 53:462–467 (http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/31741)
Dalal MA, Das B, Sharma AK, Mir MA, Sounduri AS (2006) In vitro cloning of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) employing forced shoot tip cultures on M9 rootstock. Ind J Biot 5:543–550
Ghanbari A (2014) Impacts of plant growth regulators and culture media on in vitro propagation of three apple Malus domestica Borkh. rootstocks. Iran J Genet Plant Breed 3(1):11–20
Goyal D, Bhadauria S (2007) In vitro shoot proliferation in Emblica officinalis var. Balwant from nodal explants. Ind J Biot 7:374–397
Guadie D, Bekele T, Disasa T, Feyissa T (2016) Micropropagation of two varieties of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) using shoot explants. Ethiop J Sci 39(2):76–85
Karwa A (2003) In vitro propagation of citrus reticulate Blanco (Nagpur mandarin). Ind J Genet Plant Breed 63:187–188
Kour K, Singh B (2012) In vitro multiplication of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.). J Agric Vet Sci 1:5–9
Lal M, Jamwal M, Bakshi P, Jasrotia A, Sharma N, Sharma M, Singh P, Sharma S, Kumar S (2021) Influence of antioxidants on in vitro culture establishment of clonal apple rootstocks. Biol For An Int J 13(2):381–385
Lal M, Jamwal M, Sood Y, Bakshi P, Sharma N, Sharma S, Kumar S (2023) Micropropagation of fruit crops: A review. Plant Sci Tod 10(1):108–117. https://doi.org/10.14719/pst.1891
Lizarraga A, Fraga M, Ascasíbar J, Gonzalez ML (2017) In vitro propagation and recovery of eight apple and two pear cultivars held in a germplasm bank. Am J Plant Sci 8(9):2238–2254. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2017.89150
Modgil M, Sharma T, Thakur M (2009) Commercially feasible protocol for rooting and acclimatization of micropropagated apple rootstocks. Acta Hortic 839:209–214. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.839.25
Sharma M, Modgil M, Sharma DR (2000) Successful propagation in vitro of apple rootstock MM106 and influence of phloroglucinol. Ind J of Expt Biol 38:1236-1240.
Sharma T, Modgil M, Thakur M (2007) Factors affecting induction and development of in vitro rooting of apple rootstocks. Ind J Expt Biol 45:824–829
Soni M, Thakur M, Modgil M (2010) In vitro multiplication of Merton I. 793—An apple rootstock suitable for replantation. Ind J Biot 10:362–368
Acknowledgements
All authors are very thankful to Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus, Chatha (J&K) for timely support and coordination.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
M. Lal, M. Jamwal, P. Bakshi, N. Sharma, A. Jasrotia and A. Sharma declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Lal, M., Jamwal, M., Bakshi, P. et al. An Improved Protocol for Rapid in Vitro Multiplication of Clonal Apple Rootstock MM106. Erwerbs-Obstbau 65, 2241–2248 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-00988-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-00988-4