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Effect of Subsurface Leaky Irrigation Using Wastewater on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera)

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Abstract

Water scarcity, especially in arid areas, has encouraged efforts to replace water sources for food production and agricultural development. Wastewater is one of the most accessible water resources with high potential for use in agriculture. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigation methods and water quality on morphological and physiological indices and leaf nutrient content of Osage orange seedlings in Yazd province in central Iran as an arid zone. Experimental treatments as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block included quality of irrigation, water clean water (CW), raw wastewater (RW), and treated wastewater (TW), and irrigation method, surface irrigation (SI), and subsurface leaky irrigation (SLI). Statistical testing revealed that compared with the SI system, the SLI system increased leaf area (27%), height (13%), trunk diameter (8%), root length (9%), root fresh (30%) and dry weight (31%), and canopy fresh (25%) and dry weight (31%). Plots irrigated with RW had more SPAD, electrolyte leakage (EL), and water use efficiency (WUE; 29% 3%, and 67% respectively) than plots irrigated with CW. The highest levels of WUE (1.35 kgm3) were recorded when seedlings were grown using the SLI system and received RW. The results suggest that water quality was more effective than irrigation system for the uptake of elements in the leaves and the vegetative growth of Maclura pomifera, as RW showed the highest values of plant growth indices.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan, Iran

    Somayeh Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi

  2. Irrigation and Drainage, Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

    Asghar Alemzadeh

  3. Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

    Najmeh Yarami

  4. Medicinal and Industrial Plants Research Institute, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

    Somayeh Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi & Najmeh Yarami

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  1. Somayeh Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi
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  2. Asghar Alemzadeh
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  3. Najmeh Yarami
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Contributions

Somayeh Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi: Conceptualization, Writing and original draft preparation; Asghar Alemzadeh: Methodology, Data curation; Najmeh Yarami: advised on the research and contributed to statistical analyses.

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Correspondence to Somayeh Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi.

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S. Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi, A. Alemzadeh and N. Yarami declare that they have no competing interests.

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Soltani-Gerdefaramarzi, S., Alemzadeh, A. & Yarami, N. Effect of Subsurface Leaky Irrigation Using Wastewater on the Growth and Nutrient Content of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera). Applied Fruit Science 66, 145–154 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-00977-7

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