Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Rootstock Induced Seasonal Changes of N, P and K Nutrient Levels in Satsuma Mandarin cvs. ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’

Der Einfluss der Veredlungsunterlage auf saisonale Unterschiede der N‑, P‑, K‑Gehalte bei Satsumas der Sorten ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ und ‘Silverhill’

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Erwerbs-Obstbau Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rootstocks-scion relations have critical consequences about nutritional status, tree vigour, resistance to pest and pathogens, yield and yield quality. In this study, we therefore investigated seasonal variations of leaf mineral nutrient concentrations in Satsuma mandarin’s cvs. ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’ budded on different citrus rootstocks under Dörtyol-Hatay, Turkey ecological conditions. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and K (potassium) concentrations of the leaves showed slightly similar trend each other, in general these nutrients reduced from January to March–April, and increased during the growing season until mid- and late summer, then decreased until December. Despite rootstocks did not significantly affect the leaf N, P and K concentrations rootstock-scion relation was pre-eminent and nutrient dependent. Most conspicuous scion dependent changes were recorded for K concentration whereas P concentration was little influenced. In terms of scion-rootstock combination, the range of N and K concentrations were 2.11% (‘Okitsu’/sour orange) to 2.34% (Silverhill/sour orange), and 1.09% (‘Okitsu’/Carrizo citrange) to 1.39% (‘Clausellina’/Carrizo citrange), respectively; but P concentrations were highly similar %0.13 (‘Okitsu’/sour orange) – %0.16 (‘Clausellina’/Carrizo citrange), in the entire growing season. It can be concluded that there are considerable differences in nutrient uptake ability of scion-rootstock combination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Jaleel A, Zerki M (2003) Effect of rootstocks on yield and fruit quality of ‘Parent Washington Navel’ trees. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 116:270–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Alva AK, Fares A, Dou H (2003) Managing citrus trees to optimize dry mass and nutrient partitioning. J Plant Nutr 26:1541–1559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alva AK, Paramasivam S, Fares A et al (2006) Nitrogen best management practice for citrus trees. II. Nitrogen fate, transport and components of N budget. Sci Hortic 109:223–233

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (2013) http://www.fao.org/corp/statistics/en. Accessed: 1 March 2016

  • Auler PAM, Fiori-Tutida ACG, Tazima ZH (2008) Behavior of ‘Valencia’ orange tree on six rootstocks in the northwest of Parana state. Rev Bras Frutic 30(1):229–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Auler PAM, Fiori-Tutida ACG, Dos Santos Scholz MB (2009) Industrial quality and maturation of fruits of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees on six rootstocks. Rev Bras Frutic 31(4):1158–1167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bester JJ, Rabe E (1996) Physiological and biochemical aspects of dwarfing in citrus: carbohydrate and nitrogen levels in the trunks. Proc Int Soc Citric 2:748–753

    Google Scholar 

  • Calatayud A, Iglesias DJ, Talon M, Barreno E (2006) Effects of long-term ozone exposure on citrus: chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange. Photosynthetica 44:548–554

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatzissavvidis CA, Therios IN, Molassiotis AN (2005) Seasonal variation of nutritional status of olive plants as affected by boron concentration in nutrient solution. J Plant Nutr 28:309–321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chatzistathis TH, Therios IN, Alifragis D, Dimassi K (2010) Effect of sampling time and soil type on Mn, Fe, Zn, Ca, Mg, K and P concentrations of olive (Olea europaea L., cv. ‘Koroneiki’) leaves. Sci Hortic 126:291–296

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Çınar A (2004) Turkish citrus agriculture: structure and developments. Cine Tarim 7(57):14–17 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies FS, Albrigo LG (1994) Citrus. CAB International, Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  • Demirkeser TH, Kaplankıran M, Toplu C, Yildiz E (2009) Yield and fruit quality performance of ‘Nova’ and ‘Robinson’ mandarins on three rootstocks in Eastern Mediterranean. Afr J Agr Res 4(4):262–268

    Google Scholar 

  • El-Fouly MM, Shaaban SHA, El-Sayed AA (2008) Evaluation of seasonal nutrient status in the leaves of different olive varieties grown on calcareous soils. J Appl Hortic 10(1):59–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Fallahi E, Rodney DR (1992) Tree size, yield, fruit quality, and leaf mineral nutrient concentration of ‘Fairchild’ mandarin on six rootstocks. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 117:28–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan XL, Huang CL, Juhani U, Danny D (2005) NPK nutrition dynamics of lychee during the annual growth cycles. Acta Hortic 665:319–330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez-Escobar R, Moreno R, Garcia-Creus M (1999) Seasonal changes of mineral nutrients in olive leaves during the alternate-bearing cycle. Sci Hortic 82:25–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Filho FAAM, Espinoza-Nunez E, Stuchi ES, Ortega EMM (2007) Plant growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Fallglo’ and ‘Sunburst’ mandarins on four rootstocks. Sci Hortic 114:45–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Sanchez F, Perez-Perez JG, Botia P, Martinez V (2006) The response of young mandarin trees grown under saline conditions depends on the rootstock. Eur J Agron 24:129–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiou A (2000) Performance of ‘Nova’ mandarin on eleven rootstocks in Cyprus. Sci Hortic 84:115–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiou A (2002) Evaluation of rootstocks for “Clementine” mandarin in Cyprus. Sci Hortic 93:29–38

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgiou A (2004) Evaluation of rootstocks for ‘Valencia’ orange. Agric Mediterr 134:193–200

    Google Scholar 

  • Georgiou A, Gregoriou C (1999) Growth, yield and fruit quality of ‘Shamouti’ orange on fourteen rootstocks in Cyprus. Sci Hortic 80:113–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Mas MC, Llosa MJ, Quijano A, Forner-Giner MA (2009) Rootstock effects on leaf photosynthesis in ‘Navelina’ trees grown in calcareous soil. Hortic Sci 44:280–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Kacar B (1972) Chemical analyses of plant and soils (II. plant analyses). Ankara Univ Agric Fac Pub, No: 453, Ankara.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kacar B, Katkat AV (2007) Plant Nutrition. Nobel Pub., No: 849. Nobel Science and Research Centre, Ankara (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplankıran M, Tuzcu Ö (1993) Effect of citrus rootstocks on the leaf mineral elements content of Washington Navel, Shamouti and Moro orange cultivars. Turk J Agric For 17:1015–1024

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Toplu C, Ulbegi IE (1995) The effect of scion-rootstock relations on plant nutrient element contents of leaves in mandarins. 2nd Turk Nation Hortic Congr. vol. 1., pp 526–530 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Toplu C (1996) The effect of rootstock on plant nutrient element contents of leaves in satsuma mandarin. J Agric Fac Mustafa Kemal Univ 1(1):7–16 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Toplu C, Ulbegi IE, Uysal M (1999a) The effect of rootstocks-scion combination plant nutrient element contents of leaves in Valencia oranges. III. Turk Nation Hortic Congr, Ankara, 14. – 17. Sep 1999. vol. 1., pp 93–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Toplu C, Uysal M (1999b) Kütdiken limonlarının yapraklarındaki bitki besin maddelerinin mevsimsel değişimi. III. Turk Nation Hortic Congr, Ankara, 14. – 17. Sep 1999. vol. 1., pp 704–709

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Toplu C, Yıldız E (2005) Dünya turunçgil tetiştiriciliğindeki eğilimler ve Türkiye için öneriler. Turkish Citrus Summit towards European Community, Mersin, 20. – 21. May 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karabucak F (2004) Turunçgil sektörünün başlıca problemleri. Cine Tarim 7(54):8 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karaçalı I (2002) Bahçe ürünlerinin muhafazası ve pazarlanması. Egean Uni, Agric Fac Pub., No: 494. (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Less R (1971) Laboratory handbook of methods of food analysis. Leonard Hill Books, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyngdoh GB, Kar PL, Sanyal D (1994) Seasonal changes of dry matter and macro-nutrient levels in Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) leaves as influenced by age of tree, growth flushes and months. Crops Res 7(1):49–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Marathe RA, Sonkar RK, Lallan R, Shyam S (2006) Nutrient uptake, canopy volume and yield of Nagpur mandarin as affected by different rootstocks. Ind J Hortic 63:372–375

    Google Scholar 

  • Marchal J (1987) Citrus. In: Prevel PM, Gagnard J, Gautier P (eds) Plant Analysis. Lavoiser, New York, pp 320–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Menzel CM, Simpson DR (1990) Nutritional studies on lychee trees in subtropical Australia. Acta Hortic 275:581–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moeen UD, Muhammad I, Khan AS (2001) Effect of traditional and hybrid rootstocks on leaf mineral composition and reproductive characteristics of Kinnow mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). Int J Agric Biol 3:491–493

    Google Scholar 

  • Özler A (2004) Turkish citrus: status in world market and future. Cine Tarim 7(54):6–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Quinones A, Martínez-Alcantara B, Primo-Millo E, Legaz F (2011) Fertigation: concept and application in citrus. In: Srivastava AK (ed) Advances in citrus nutrition. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 281–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Perica S (2001) Seasonal fluctuation and intracanopy variation in leaf nitrogen level in olive. J Plant Nutr 24(4–5):779–787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Protopapadakis E, Voulgaropoulos A, Sofoniou M (1998) Rootstocks effect leaf and fruit mineral concentrations of Washington Navel orange. Fruits 53(3):167–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehalia AS, Bhattaria HP, Sharma S (2006) Standardization of foliar sampling technique in Kinnow mandarin (Citrus nobillis × Citrus deliciosa). Int J Agric Sci 2(2):586–588

    Google Scholar 

  • Roccuzzo G, Zanotelli D, Allegra M et al (2012) Assessing nutrient uptake by field-grown orange trees. Eur J Agron 41:73–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salomao LCC, de Siqueira DL, Pereira MEC (2006) Accumulation of macro and micronutrients in leaves and stems of the productive branch of ‘Bengal’ litchi during one year. Ciên Agrotecnol 30(1):9–14

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanyal D, Kar PL, Lyngdoh GB (1994) Micro-nutrient status of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) leaves as influenced by age of trees, growth flushes and season. Crops Res 8(2):287–290

    Google Scholar 

  • SAS (1999) SAS online doc, version 8. SAS Inst, Cary

    Google Scholar 

  • Sema A, Kar PL, Sanyal D (1999) Influence of flushes, age of leaf and types of shoot on the fluctuations of foliar micro-nutrients levels in Assam lemon. Hortic J12(1):13–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheng O, Yan X, Peng SA et al (2009) Seasonal changes in nutrient concentrations of ‘Newhall’ and ‘Skagg’s Bonanza’ navel oranges. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 40:3061–3076

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MW, Shaw RG, Chapman JC et al (2004) Long-term performance of ‘Ellendale’ mandarin on seven commercial rootstocks in subtropical Australia. Sci Hortic 102:75–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soyergin S, Katkat AV (2002) Studies on nutrient contents and seasonal element fluctuations of the olive variety Gemlik in Bursa area. Acta Hortic 586:405–407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syvertsen JP, Smith ML (1995) Nitrogen leaching, N uptake efficiency and water use from citrus trees fertilized at three N rates. Proc Fla State Hortic Soc 108:151–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Toplu C, Uygur V, Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Yıldız E (2010) Leaf mineral composition of ‘Nova’, ‘Robinson’ and ‘Fremont’ mandarin cultivars on different rootstocks. J Plant Nutr 33:602–612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsakelidou K, Papanikolaou X, Protopapadakis E (2002) Rootstock effects on the yields, tree and fruit characteristics of the mandarin cultivar ‘Clementine’ on the Island of Rhodes. Exp Agric 38:351–358

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker DPH, Alva AK, Jackson LK, Wheaton TA (1995) Nutrition of Florida citrus trees. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Gainesville

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuzcu O, Ozsan M, Gezerel O, Kaplankıran M (1981) Nutritional status of citrus orchards in Mediterranean region: I. Eastern Mediterranean region. J Agric Fac Cukurova Univ 12:58–78 (in Turkish)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tuzcu O, Kaplankıran M, Yesiloglu T, Cebeci Z (1997) The effects of rootstock-scion interaction on the distributions of roots in citrus. 5th World Congress of the International Society of Citrus Nurserymen, Montpellier. pp 75–81

  • Vu JCV, Newman YC, Allen LH Jr et al (2002) Photosynthetic acclimation of young sweet orange trees to elevated growth CO2 and temperature. J Plant Physiol 159:147–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wutscher HK (1989) Alteration of fruit tree nutrition through rootstocks. Hortic Sci 24:578–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Yıldız E, Demirkeser TH, Kaplankıran M (2013a) Growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Rhode Red Valencia’ and ‘Valencia Late’ sweet oranges grown on three rootstocks in eastern Mediterranean. Chil J Agric Res 73(2):142–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Yıldız E, Kaplankıran M, Demirkeser TH, Toplu C (2013b) Seasonal patterns of carbohydrates in mandarin cvs. ‘Fremont’, ‘Nova’ and ‘Robinson’ on different rootstocks. Not Bot Hortic Agrobot Cluj Nap 41(1):255–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao JX, Yan X, Peng SA, Fang YW (2008) Dynamics of several mineral nutrients concentrations during fruit development of Washington Navel orange in southern Jiangxi Province. Chin J Eco Agric 16(1):134–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural and Natural Sciences Faculty, Horticultural Department, Uşak University, 64200, Uşak, Turkey

    Ercan Yıldız

  2. Agricultural Faculty, Horticultural Department, Mustafa Kemal University, 31000, Hatay, Turkey

    Mustafa Kaplankıran

  3. Agricultural Faculty, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey

    Veli Uygur

Authors
  1. Ercan Yıldız
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mustafa Kaplankıran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Veli Uygur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Veli Uygur.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

E. Yıldız, M. Kaplankıran and V. Uygur declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Yıldız, E., Kaplankıran, M. & Uygur, V. Rootstock Induced Seasonal Changes of N, P and K Nutrient Levels in Satsuma Mandarin cvs. ‘Okitsu’, ‘Clausellina’ and ‘Silverhill’. Erwerbs-Obstbau 60, 67–73 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-017-0340-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-017-0340-z

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Search

Navigation