Abstract
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is heavily targeted by insecticide applications. Methoxyfenozide is highly effective against T. absoluta with reduced side effects to natural enemies. This work aimed to (1) genetically and biochemically characterize resistance of the T. absoluta GBN population to methoxyfenozide, (2) establish cross resistance profiles with other insecticide groups and (3) monitor resistance in populations with the goal of improving T. absoluta insecticide resistance management (IRM). Methoxyfenozide resistance was completely recessive, polyfactorial and autosomal. Effective dominance revealed that 10 mg methoxyfenozide/L would be enough to eliminate susceptible homozygotes and heterozygotes, thus used to diagnose resistance in field populations. The synergism of methoxyfenozide toxicity in the resistant population for PBO (SR = 95×), DEF (SR = 51×) and DEM (SR = 45×), suggested monooxygenases, esterases and glutathione S-transferases as resistance mechanisms. However, only monooxygenase activity appeared to be involved in methoxyfenozide resistance. Resistance ratio for methoxyfenozide (2352-fold) after selection and cross-resistance ratios of a lab-selected GBN strain (“GBN-Sel”) were significant relative to a susceptible strain “JDR1-Sus” for tebufenozide (656-fold), cartap hydrochloride (10.68-fold), deltamethrin (4.70-fold), abamectin (2.65-fold), lufenuron (2.22-fold) and indoxacarb (1.92-fold), with negative cross-resistance to spinetoram (0.32-fold). Evidence of control failures was observed in 10 field populations of T. absoluta (mortalities between 13 and 76%), and all populations showed frequencies of resistant phenotypes (percentage survivorship ranging between 4 and 96%). A rational basis for managing resistance to bisacylhydrazines is discussed, along with details of recommended T. absoluta resistance management tactics.
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Acknowledgements
To CAPES/PRÓ-AFRICA (for providing the Studentship to first author), to CNPq (for supporting HAAS with a fellowship #308461/2013-4) for financially supporting this research study. We would also to thank Dr. Mike Scharf for his comments/suggestions and English review of the manuscript. We acknowledge the companies that through IRAC-BR have kindly provided their products used in this work. We would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments.
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This study was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (PROC 308461/2013-4). Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (BR)/Pró-Africa
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Langa, T.P., Dantas, K.C.T., Pereira, D.L. et al. Basis and monitoring of methoxyfenozide resistance in the South American tomato pinworm Tuta absoluta. J Pest Sci 95, 351–364 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-021-01378-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-021-01378-z