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Pb fractionation and redistribution as affected by applied inorganic amendments under different soil moisture regimes and incubation time in saline–sodic Pb-polluted paddy soil

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Abstract

Bioavailability and mobility of lead (Pb) in soils depend upon their partitioning between solution-solid phases and their further fractionation and redistribution among different solid-phase components. However, the dynamics of Pb in salt-affected (saline–sodic) Pb-contaminated (polluted) paddy soil need more exploration particularly under the influence of application of amendments at varying hydrological regimes and residence time. In this context, an incubation study was conducted to investigate the effect of application of three inorganic amendments (gypsum, rock phosphate and diammonium phosphate) on Pb fractions at two soil moisture regimes (flooding regime and 75% field capacity) and two incubation times (after 2 and 30 days) successively in non-saline/sodic and saline–sodic Pb-polluted paddy soils. After applied treatments, the concentration of Pb in five, i.e., exchangeable (F1), carbonate (F2), Fe–Mn oxide (F3), organic matter and sulfide bound (F4) and residual (F5) fractions, was assessed by sequential extraction. The results showed that the Pb spiked in the soils was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) transformed from easily extractable (exchangeable and carbonate) fractions into less labile (Fe–Mn oxide, OM–S bound and residual) fractions. Among tested amendments, gypsum performed better in reducing the lability of Pb followed by DAP.

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Acknowledgements

The first author (Dr. Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal) is thankful to Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan for providing funds under International Research Support Initiative Program (IRSIP) Ph.D. fellowship at Ghent University (UGent), Belgium. He is also very grateful to Ria Van Hulle (Ex-Head, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry at UGent), Roseline Blanckaert, David Lybaert, Katty Sabo and Joachim Neri (Lab. Technicians at UGent), for their help in research, analytical activities and technical support to complete this experiment. The significant input of the anonymous reviewers in improving this manuscript prior to publication is greatly acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Ghulam Murtaza & Tayyaba Naz

  2. Department of Applied Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium

    Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Mark Button & Gijs Du Laing

  3. Department of Agriculture, Soil and Water Testing Laboratory Chiniot, Government of Punjab, Chiniot, 35400, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal

  4. Saline Agriculture Research Centre, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Tayyaba Naz

  5. Department of Research and Development, Higher Education Commission, Sector H-9, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan

    Amjad Hussain

  6. Fipke Laboratory for Trace Element Research, University of British Columbia Okanagan, University Way, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7, Canada

    Mark Button

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  1. Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
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  2. Ghulam Murtaza
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  4. Amjad Hussain
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  6. Gijs Du Laing
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Correspondence to Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal.

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Iqbal, M.M., Murtaza, G., Naz, T. et al. Pb fractionation and redistribution as affected by applied inorganic amendments under different soil moisture regimes and incubation time in saline–sodic Pb-polluted paddy soil. Paddy Water Environ 16, 875–885 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-018-0676-5

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