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Phosphorus adsorption by functionalized biochar: a review

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Abstract

Phosphorus is essential element for agricultural production, yet phosphorus ore resources are non-renewable and become depleted. Moreover, phosphate release from wastewater treatment plants and from inefficient crop fertilization induces pollution such as water eutrophication. Therefore, phosphorus recovery from wastewater is promising alternative source of agricultural phosphorus. Biochar can be used to adsorb phosphorus due to their porous structure, large surface area, abundant surface groups, and high mineral content of biochars. Biochar can be functionalized to improve their adsorption performance. Here, we review phosphorus recovery by functionalized biochar, with focus on biochar preparation and modification, factors influencing the efficiency of adsorption, adsorption mechanisms, and biochars as slow-release  fertilizers. We discuss mechanisms for Mg-, Ca- and Fe-rich biochars.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (2020YFC1908802).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China

    Dan Luo, Luyao Wang, Hongyan Nan, Yijun Cao & Chongqing Wang

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China

    Hui Wang

  3. Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK

    Thakur Vijay Kumar

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  1. Dan Luo
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  2. Luyao Wang
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  3. Hongyan Nan
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  4. Yijun Cao
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  7. Chongqing Wang
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by DL, LW, and CW. The first draft of the manuscript was written by DL and CW and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chongqing Wang.

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Luo, D., Wang, L., Nan, H. et al. Phosphorus adsorption by functionalized biochar: a review. Environ Chem Lett 21, 497–524 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01519-5

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