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Environmental applications of carbon-based materials: a review

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Abstract

Environmental pollution is a major issue, yet actual remediation techniques are limited. Carbon-based materials are increasingly used to treat air and water. Here we review the applications of carbon nanomaterials made of biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes and graphene for the adsorption of toxic gases, the removal of pollutants from ecosystems, and the improvement of anaerobic digestion. Carbon materials have been found efficient in removing nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, heavy metals, dyes, pharmaceutical compounds and other pollutants from the environment, with adsorption efficiencies reaching 80% and degradation efficiencies up to 99%. Biochar addition induces a 60% improvement in biogas production. Similarly, in composting, up to 60% less ammonia emissions were observed when biochar was added. Biomass-based carbon materials appear economical, sustainable and eco-friendly.

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603110, India

    Kannapan Panchamoorthy Gopinath, Dhakshinamoorthy Gnana Prakash & Samynaathan Viswanathan

  2. Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam

    Dai-Viet N. Vo

  3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Antonysamy Adithya Joseph

  4. Centre for Waste Management, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar (OMR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600119, India

    Jayaseelan Arun

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Gopinath, K.P., Vo, DV.N., Gnana Prakash, D. et al. Environmental applications of carbon-based materials: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 557–582 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01084-9

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