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Microbial enzymatic production and applications of short-chain fructooligosaccharides and inulooligosaccharides: recent advances and current perspectives

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Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology

Abstract

The industrial production of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulooligosaccharides is expanding rapidly due to the pharmaceutical importance of these compounds. These compounds, concisely termed prebiotics, have biofunctional properties and hence health benefits if consumed in recommended dosages. Prebiotics can be produced enzymatically from sucrose elongation or via enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin by exoinulinases and endoinulinases acting alone or synergistically. Exoinulinases cleave the non-reducing β-(2, 1) end of inulin-releasing fructose while endoinulinases act on the internal linkages randomly to release inulotrioses (F3), inulotetraoses (F4) and inulopentaoses (F5) as major products. Fructosyltransferases act by cleaving a sucrose molecule and then transferring the liberated fructose molecule to an acceptor molecule such as sucrose or another oligosaccharide to elongate the short-chain fructooligosaccharide. The FOS produced by the action of fructosyltransferases are 1-kestose (GF2), nystose (GF3) and fructofuranosyl nystose (GF4). The production of high yields of oligosaccharides of specific chain length from simple raw materials such as inulin and sucrose is a technical challenge. This paper critically explores recent research trends in the production and application of short-chain oligosaccharides. Inulin and enzyme sources for the production of prebiotics are discussed. The mechanism of FOS chain elongation and also the health benefits associated with prebiotics consumption are discussed in detail.

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Acknowledgments

All authors have agreed to submit this manuscript to the “Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology”. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors would like to acknowledge The National Research Foundation—Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (NRF-THRIP), Rhodes University and the University of KwaZulu Natal for funding this project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa

    T. Mutanda, M. P. Mokoena & A. O. Olaniran

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa

    B. S. Wilhelmi & C. G. Whiteley

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  1. T. Mutanda
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  2. M. P. Mokoena
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  3. A. O. Olaniran
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Correspondence to T. Mutanda.

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Mutanda, T., Mokoena, M.P., Olaniran, A.O. et al. Microbial enzymatic production and applications of short-chain fructooligosaccharides and inulooligosaccharides: recent advances and current perspectives. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 41, 893–906 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-014-1452-1

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