Abstract
A tightly combined observational model assumes a single reference satellite for all observations from different GNSS systems. We analyze the effect of different frequencies on different-frequency inter-system mixed double differences (DFMDDs) and derive an upper limit for a permissible inter-frequency difference. To mitigate inter-frequency differences, we propose using combinations of phase observations from different GNSS systems to obtain virtual observations having the same or similar frequency. A new carrier phase linear combination method is proposed for the DFMDD, called limited lane number search method, which increases the permissible inter-frequency difference. We demonstrate the feasibility of the search method from a geometrical perspective. Finally, we provide selected combinations with desirable properties for DFMDD. Optimal and independent integer combinations are suggested for short and long baselines.
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41174006), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos. 201003772 and 20100481458).
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Li, G., Wu, J., Zhao, C. et al. Double differencing within GNSS constellations. GPS Solut 21, 1161–1177 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-017-0599-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-017-0599-4