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Effect of heat application on the physicochemical properties of new endodontic sealers: an in vitro and SEM study

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Abstract

Understanding the properties of endodontic sealers is vital for treatment planning. Calcium silicate-based sealers are important in modern endodontics. This study investigates the effect of heat on the physicochemical properties of new calcium silicate sealers, addressing concerns raised by clinicians seeking to combine their benefits with the gutta-percha obturation technique. Five endodontic sealers (AH Plus Bioceramic®, Total Fill® BC®, One-fil® Bioceramic, K-Biocer, Any-seal®) were evaluated. Each sealer (n = 16/group) was either kept at 37 °C or subjected to heat at 60 or 200 °C for 30 s. ISO 6876-2012 standards were used to measure setting time, flow, film thickness, and dimensional changes over time. SEM and EDS were utilized for surface and chemical analysis. Data analysis employed IBM SPSS Statistics version 26 with a 5% significance level for two-sided tests. The sealers' setting times were shortened by heat, except for Total Fill® BC with extended setting time. All sealers had significantly longer setting times than manufacturer specifications. Film thickness increased with temperature, while flow values decreased. K-Biocer sealer showed the highest flow (16.89 ± 0.57 mm) at 200 °C, while Total Fill® sealer had the lowest (15.32 ± 0.62 mm). Shrinkage was significant at 60 °C and 200 °C, with greater shrinkage at 200 °C. Heat caused surface deformations in all sealers. The 200 °C groups exhibited more voids in AH Plus Bioceramic®, Any-seal®, and One-fil® sealers, and higher void area in Total Fill®, One-fil®, and K-Biocer sealers (p value < 0.001). EDX analysis confirmed heat-induced chemical and elemental changes in all tested sealers. Elevated temperature affects the physicochemical properties and structure of the tested endodontic sealers. The consideration of endodontic sealer compatibility is essential when warm gutta-percha obturation techniques are used.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Mariana Karam, Issam Khalil, Marc Habib, Michèle Makhlouf & Carla Zogheib

  2. Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Program, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Marwa Faraj

  3. Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Rami Mhanna

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  1. Mariana Karam
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  2. Marwa Faraj
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Correspondence to Mariana Karam.

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Karam, M., Faraj, M., Mhanna, R. et al. Effect of heat application on the physicochemical properties of new endodontic sealers: an in vitro and SEM study. Odontology 112, 512–525 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00871-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00871-4

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