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Comparison of dental plaque flora between intellectually disabled patients and healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis, are highly prevalent in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). In particular, gingivitis can be difficult to cure owing to the lack of patient cooperation. Here, we evaluated differences in the oral bacterial flora between individuals with ID (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 14) to facilitate the development of strategies for the prevention of periodontal disease in people with ID. Our results showed no significant difference in the number of decayed, missing, and filled teeth between the two groups. However, there were significant differences in the median papillary-marginal-attached index, plaque index, and gingival index between groups (P < 0.0001). Additionally, the mean probing depth in the ID group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.0001). The diversity of oral flora in people with ID and concurrent gingivitis was significantly lower than that of healthy individuals without periodontal disease. The relative abundances of Tannerella spp. and Treponema spp. were significantly higher in the ID group than in the control group at the genus level (P = 0.0383 and 0.0432, respectively), whereas that of Porphyromonas spp. was significantly lower in the ID group (P < 0.0001). Overall, our findings provided important insights into differences in the oral microbiota between patients with ID and healthy controls.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed in this study are included in this article. Any other information is available from the corresponding authors upon request.

Abbreviations

ID:

Intellectual disability

PMA index:

Papillary-marginal-attached index

PI:

Plaque index

GI:

Gingival index

PD:

Probing depth

DMFT:

Decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Professor Mitsugi Okada, who guided us in developing the concept of this study into a concrete research method.

Funding

This study was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Young Researchers from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18K17285).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Special Care Dentistry, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan

    Yuki Oda, Chiaki Furutani & Yoshiyuki Okada

  2. Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan

    Reo Kawano

  3. Division of Special Care Dentistry, Osaka University Dental Hospital, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Jumpei Murakami

  4. Division of Dental Hygiene, Department of Clinical Practice and Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan

    Yuika Mizota

  5. Department of Oral Biology and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan

    Hiroki Nikawa

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  1. Yuki Oda
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  2. Chiaki Furutani
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Contributions

YO and HN designed the study. CF and YM recorded and organized the data, performed the oral examination, and contacted the patients. RK performed the data analysis. YO, JM, YO, and HN participated in manuscript processing and approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hiroki Nikawa.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by the ethics committee of our institution (Epidemiology-No. E-342) and was registered at the UMIN Center (ID 000023503). After explaining the purpose and protocols of the study according to the ethical guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration (2013), written consent from each patient or at least one guardian was obtained. Participants were told that they could withdraw their consent at any time for any reason.

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Oda, Y., Furutani, C., Kawano, R. et al. Comparison of dental plaque flora between intellectually disabled patients and healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study. Odontology 112, 588–600 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00837-6

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