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TiO2 nanotube-based nanotechnology applied to high-viscosity conventional glass-ionomer cement: ultrastructural analyses and physicochemical characterization

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Abstract

This study characterized TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-nt) ultrastructure and morphology, and the physicochemical impact on high-viscosity conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC). TiO2-nt was synthesized by the alkaline method (n = 3), assessed by scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and was added (3%, 5%, 7%—in weight) to KM (Ketac Molar EasyMix™). Analyses included: SEM; Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN); Setting time with Gillmore needles (ST); Color (Co); Radiopacity (XR); Water sorption (WS); and solubility (SO). Quantitative data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s tests (chr = 0.05). External and internal TiO2-nt diameters were 11 ± 2 nm and 6 ± 0 nm, respectively. Data analyses showed: (i) TiO2-nt present into KM matrix, with a concentration-dependent increase of Ti levels into KM, (ii) physical interaction between KM and TiO2-nt, (iii) longer initial ST for the 7% group compared to KM and 3% groups (p ≤ 0.01), (iv) decreased luminosity and yellowness for the 5% and 7% groups, (v) 36% greater radiopacity for the 5% group compared to enamel, dentin, and KM, and (vi) lower SO values for the 5% group, with no significant differences on WS across the groups. TiO2-nt displayed physical interaction with KM matrix, and also modified SO, XR and Co, without affecting ST. This study provides information on the potential impact of TiO2-nt on GIC performance. TiO2-nt may be proposed to boost confidence among dental surgeons in terms of GIC’s handling characteristics, success rate and differential diagnostic.

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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available form the corresponding author os reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the assistance of the technicians at the Dental Materials Laboratories at Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic and Piracicaba Dental School, UNICAMP, particularly Ms. Aline Regina Barbosa Santos, Ms. Thalita Regina Reck, and Mrs. Marcos Blanco Cangiani, and Ms. Cristina Martorana for assistance in text editing. We are also grateful for the support of the ideas, discussion, and cooperation of Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani, Orisson Ponce, Kelly Maria Silva Moreira, Priscila Alves Giovani, Isaac de Souza Araújo, Daiane Cristina Peruzzo, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes Franca and Vanessa Arias Pecorari. This research was supported by the São Paulo Research Support Foundation [FAPESP, Grant #16/13786-0; #19/14078-8], and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development [CNPq, PIBIC Scholarship 2018-19]. The authors declare that they have no ties to any company of any nature related to this research.

Funding

This research was supported by the São Paulo Research Support Foundation [FAPESP, Grant #16/13786-0; #19/14078-8], and the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development [CNPq, PIBIC Scholarship 2018-19].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculdade São Leopoldo, SLMANDIC, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil

    Kamila Rosamilia Kantovitz, Natália Russo Carlos, Ivania Aparecida Pimenta Santos Silva, Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr, Roberta Tarkany Basting & Francine Kuhl Panzarella de Figueiredo

  2. Pediatric Division, Department of Health Sciences, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Caroline Braido

  3. Department of Physics, School of Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Bauru, SP, Brazil

    Bruna Carolina Costa & Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho

  4. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, IFSP, Birigui, SP, Brazil

    Igor Lebedenco Kitagawa

  5. Division of Periodontics, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Francisco Humberto Nociti-Jr

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Contributions

Conceptualization [KRK, PNLF]. Methodology [KRK, NRC, IAPSS. CB, BCC, ILK, FKPdF, PNLF]. Investigation [NRC, BCC, CB, ILK]. Data curation & Validation [NRC, BCC, ILK, RTB, PNLF]. Visualization [KRK, FHN]. Writing—original draft preparation [IAPSS, BCC, ILK, FHN, RTB, FKPdF]. Writing—reviewing and editing [KRK, FHN, RTB, PNLF]. Resources [PNLF]. Scholar shipment [KRK, CB]. Funding acquisition [KRK, FHN]. Project administration [KRK]. Co-supervision [PNLF]. Supervision [KRK]

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Kantovitz, K.R., Carlos, N.R., Silva, I.A.P.S. et al. TiO2 nanotube-based nanotechnology applied to high-viscosity conventional glass-ionomer cement: ultrastructural analyses and physicochemical characterization. Odontology 111, 916–928 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-023-00799-9

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