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Cyclic fatigue resistance of three rotary file systems in a dynamic model after immersion in sodium hypochlorite

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Abstract

To evaluate the effect of immersion in 3% sodium hypochlorite solution in the resistance to cyclic fatigue of three nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary file systems, ProTaper Next (PTN), Hyflex CM (CM), and Hyflex EDM (EDM), in a mechanical model featuring axial movement. Ninety instruments of three different NiTi rotary file systems, PTN (size 25, 0.06 taper), CM (25, 0.06), and EDM (25/~, variable taper), were randomly divided according to a 3 × 3 factorial design and tested under dynamic immersion in a 3% NaOCl solution (1 or 5 min) or without immersion, making a total of 9 groups (n = 10). Files were tested in an artificial root canal with 45° angle and 5 mm radius apical curvature being submitted to back-and-forth movements until fracture. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way factorial ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests, at a significance level of 5%. Instruments were evaluated for reliability using a Weilbull approach. Regardless of the immersion treatment, PTN had on average 1200 ± 178 cycles to fracture, CM had 1949 ± 362, and EDM had 5573 ± 853, which was a significantly different (P < 0.01). The NaOCl immersion promoted a significant reduction in the mean number of cycles to fracture (P = 0.01), and was reflected in a significant reduction of the characteristic life of the instruments of the CM end EDM groups. Within this study conditions, EDM instruments performed better to cyclic fatigue followed by CM and then PTN. Immersion in NaOCl decreased the resistance to cyclic fatigue of all tested instruments, but affected more those manufactured from CM wire.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thanks Coltène and DentsplySirona for providing the instruments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Paulo Jorge Palma & João Miguel Santos

  2. Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Ana Messias, António Rosa Cerqueira & Luís Diogo Tavares

  3. Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Francisco Caramelo

  4. Laboratory of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (LBIM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Francisco Caramelo

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Engineering of Coimbra, Polytechnic - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal

    Luís Roseiro

  6. Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    João Miguel Santos

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  1. Paulo Jorge Palma
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Correspondence to Paulo Jorge Palma.

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Palma, P.J., Messias, A., Cerqueira, A.R. et al. Cyclic fatigue resistance of three rotary file systems in a dynamic model after immersion in sodium hypochlorite. Odontology 107, 324–332 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-018-0401-2

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