Skip to main content
Log in

Trade shocks and real effective exchange rates dynamics in Nigeria

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Portuguese Economic Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper models the relationship between trade shocks and real effective exchange rates (REER) for Nigeria using monthly data from January 2010 to December 2021. The contributions of this paper are twofold: (i) We use the Pesaran et al.’s (J Appl Econom 16(3):289–326, 2001) Linear (Symmetric) as well as Shin et al.’s (Festschrift in honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric Methods and Applications, Springer, 2014) Nonlinear (Asymmetric) ARDL, (ii) We additionally account for structural breaks in regression models using the Bai and Perron (J Appl Econom 18(1):1–22, 2003) test, which allows for numerous structural alterations. Our research yielded the following conclusions. There is evidence of both short-run and long-run asymmetries. Second, terms of trade improvement led to an appreciation of the local currency in the long run. Third, a degradation in terms of trade has no discernible impact on Nigeria’s real effective exchange rate. Finally, ignoring structural fractures and asymmetries will result in significant prejudices and erroneous findings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Source: Author's computation, 2022

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Notes

  1. Available on request from the authors.

References

  • Agénor P-R, McDermott C, Prasad E (2000) Macroeconomic fluctuations in developing countries: some stylized facts. World Bank Econ Rev 14(2):251–285

  • Ahmad AH, Pentecost EJ (2012) Identifying aggregate supply and demand shocks in small open economies: Empirical evidence from African countries. Int Rev Econ Financ 21(1):272–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2011.08.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Amano RA, van Norden S (1995) Terms of trade and real exchange rates: the Canadian evidence. J Int Money Financ 14(1):83–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(94)00016-T

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bai J, Perron P (2003) Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. J. W. Sons, Ed. J Appl Econom 18(1):1–22

  • Boubakri S, Guillaumin C, Silanine A (2019) Nonlinear relationship between real commodity price volatility and real effective exchange rate: the case of commodity-exporting countries. J Macroecon 60:212–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2019.02.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broda C (2004) Terms of trade and exchange rate regimes in developing countries. J Int Econ 63(1):31–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(03)00043-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Broda C, Tille C (2003) Coping with terms-of-trade shocks in developing countries. Current Issues in Economics and Finance, Federal Reserve Bank of New York 9(11):1–7

  • Chen Y, Rogoff K (2003) Commodity currencies. J Int Econ 60:133–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1996(02)00072-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Gregorio J, Wolf H (1994) Terms of Trade. Productivity, and the Real Exchange Rate. https://doi.org/10.3386/w4807. Cambridge, MA

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eke IC, Eke FA, Obafemi FN (2015) Exchange Rate Behaviour and Trade Balances in Nigeria: an Empirical Investigation 5(8):71–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernesto R, Marcelo P (2018) Does trade openness influence the real effective exchange rate? New Evidence from Panel Time-Series Series 9(1):91–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-017-0168-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fasanya IO, Oyewole OJ, Raheem ID (2022) Oil Prices and Exchange Rate Dynamics: How Important Is the Role of Asymmetry and Structural Breaks? J Afr Bus 23(3):638–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228916.2021.1909401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Funke N, Granziera E, Imam P (2008) Terms of Trade Shocks and Economic Recovery

  • Genc EG, Artar OK (2014) The Effect of Exchange Rates on Exports and Imports of Emerging Countries. Europe Scientific J 10(13):128–141

  • Jaaskela J, Smith P (2013) Terms of trade shocks: What are they, and what do they do? Economic research of department reserve bank of Australia 89(245):145–159

  • Kang JW, Dagli S (2018) International trade and exchange rates. J Appl Econ 21(1):84–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanu S, Nwadiubu A (2020) Exchange Rate Volatility And International Trade In Nigeria. Int J Manag Sci Bus Adm 6(5):56–72

  • Kassouri Y, Altintas H (2020) Commodity Terms Of Trade Shocks And Real Effective Exchange Rate Dynamics In Africa’s commodity-exporting Countries. Resource Policy 68(4):101801

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemel MA, Qadir U (2005) Real Exchange Rate, Exports, and Imports Movements: A Trivariate Analysis. Pak Dev Rev 44(2):177–195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marc A, Michel R (2011) The relationship between exchange rate and international trade: A review of economic literature. World Trade Organization: Economic Research and Statistics Division 17(11):19–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendoza. (1995) The Terms Of Trade, The Real Exchange Rate. And Economic Fluctuation International Economic Review 36(1):101–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pesaran HM, Shin Y, Richard SJ (2001) Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. J Appl Econom 16(3):289–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salisu AA, Adekunle W, Alimi WA, Emmanuel Z (2019) Predicting exchange rate with commodity prices: New evidence from Westerlund and Narayan (2015) estimator with structural breaks and asymmetries. Resour Policy 62(January):33–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sato K, Shimizu J, Shrestha N, Zhang S (2020) North American Journal of Economics and Finance New empirical assessment of export price competitiveness : Industry-specific real effective exchange rates in Asia. N Am J Econ Finance February:101262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2020.101262

  • Shin Y, Byungchul Y, Matthew GN (2014) Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. In W. C. Horrace & R. C. Sickles (Eds.), Festschrift in honor of Peter Schmidt: Econometric Methods and Applications (pp. 281- 314). Springer

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Oluwatomisin J. Oyewole.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Oyewole, O.J., Ibidun, D.M. & Al-Faryan, M.A.S. Trade shocks and real effective exchange rates dynamics in Nigeria. Port Econ J 23, 335–354 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-023-00240-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10258-023-00240-7

Keywords

JEL classification

Navigation