Abstract
Mainly driven by wind stress, the upper ocean dynamic processes in the North Pacific Ocean serve as important pathways for mass and energy exchanges of the global ocean and thus play an essential role in modulating the global climate. In this study, eight commonly used surface wind datasets are compared on mean state, seasonal and interannual time scales over the North Pacific Ocean. The dataset-derived wind stress, wind stress curl, and Sverdrup stream function and their effects on the current structure, which are illustrated by a set of 1.5-layer linear reduced gravity ocean model experiments, are thoroughly compared. The results show that for each time scale, the spreads among the tested products for the wind stress curl, Sverdrup stream function, thermocline displacement, and North Equatorial Current (NEC)/North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) transport are relatively large, caused by the small spread among the tested products for zonal/meridional wind stress occurring in the open ocean/nearshore water. MERRA2 and NCEP/DOE are the dominant contributors to the spread in the zonal and meridional wind stress and thus in the other variables, respectively, indicating that they could force a more fluctuating current field. On the interannual scale, the simulated latitudinal positions of the NEC/NECC are sensitive to the choice of wind forcing. NCEP/NCAR and ASCAT deviate most from the ensemble mean. Generally, ERA5 shows the most resemblance with the ensemble mean over the tested products.
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Data availability
The COADS data are available at https://www.myroms.org/index.php. The ASCAT data are available at ftp://ftp.ifremer.fr/ifremer/cersat/products/gridded/MWF/L3/ASCAT/Daily/. The CCMP V2.0 data are available at https://www.remss.com/measurements/ccmp/. The NCEP/NCAR data are available at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html. The NCEP/DOE data are available at https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.gaussian.html. The ERA5 data are available at https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/search?text=ERA5&type=dataset. The JRA55 data are available at http://jra.kishou.go.jp/. The MERRA2 data are available at https://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/datasets?project=MERRA-2. The monthly Niño3.4 index data are collected from the KNMI climate explorer and are available at http://climexp.knmi.nl/selectindex.cgi?id=someone@somewhere.
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The present study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under grant No. 2020YFA0608800 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No. 41821004.
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Wang, D., Fang, G., Xu, T. et al. A comparative study of sea surface wind datasets and their induced circulation characteristics in the North Pacific Ocean. Ocean Dynamics 73, 59–77 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01537-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-023-01537-z