Abstract
The development of ocean waves under explosive cyclones (ECs) is investigated in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean using a hindcast wave simulation around Japan during the period 1994 through 2014. A composite analysis of the ocean wave fields under ECs is used to investigate how the spatial patterns of the spectral wave parameters develop over time. Using dual criteria of a drop in sea level pressure below 980 hPa at the center of a cyclone and a decrease of at least 12 hPa over a 12-h period, ECs are identified in atmospheric reanalysis data. Two areas under an EC were identified with narrow directional spectra: the cold side of a warm front and the right-hand side of an EC (relative to the propagating direction). Because ECs are associated with atmospheric fronts, ocean waves develop very differently under ECs than they do under tropical cyclones. Moreover, ECs evolve very rapidly such that the development of the ocean wave field lags behind the peak wind speed by hours. In a case study of an EC that occurred in January 2013, the wave spectrum indicates that a warm front played a critical role in generating distinct ocean wave systems in the warm and cold zones along the warm front. Both the warm and cold zones have narrow directional and frequency spectra. In contrast, the ocean wave field in the third quadrant (rear left area relative to the propagation direction) of the EC is composed of swell and wind sea systems propagating in different directions.
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Acknowledgements
We wish to thank Swadhin K. Behera, Akira Yoshida, and Ryota Wada for their kind support and thoughtful advice during the process of this research.
Funding
This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant 16H01846. The NKEO observation was conducted during the Hot Spot in Climate System, sponsored by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research in Innovative Areas, 2010–2014. This work was also supported by Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow for Young Scientists.
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Responsible Editor: Oyvind Breivik
This article is part of the Topical Collection on the 15th International Workshop on Wave Hindcasting and Forecasting in Liverpool, UK, September 10–15, 2017
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Kita, Y., Waseda, T. & Webb, A. Development of waves under explosive cyclones in the Northwestern Pacific. Ocean Dynamics 68, 1403–1418 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-018-1195-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-018-1195-z