Abstract
The hydrogeochemistry of geothermal fluids provides insight into the occurrence, formation, and circulation of geothermal resources. We collected 13 geothermal water (> 34 °C) and 11 common groundwater samples (< 20 °C) from the Qingdong coal mine in China. The geothermal water samples had higher TDS, Ca2+, and SO42− contents, by 1.22-, 1.28-, and 1.25-fold, respectively. The hydrochemical facies of the geothermal water samples was 92% SO4·Cl–Ca.Mg and 8% SO4·Cl–Na, whereas the common groundwater samples was 73% SO4·Cl–Ca.Mg and 27% SO4·Cl–Na. Moreover, hydrogen and oxygen isotopic analysis revealed that atmospheric precipitation and water–rock interaction were the sources of the geothermal water. The chemical composition of the geothermal water is dominated by ion-exchange interactions and the dissolution of carbonates and silicates. Overall, geothermal water in the study area is characterized by optimal hydrodynamic conditions and more intense ion-exchange interactions than common groundwater. Moreover, the formation of geothermal water is controlled by hydrogeological and structural conditions, and by the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation, heating by deep circulation, and transportation by water-conducting faults (F11) to shallow coal strata. These results will facilitate the development of geothermal resources and the construction of green ecological mines, which will provide considerable economic and social benefits.
Resumen
La hidrogeoquímica de los fluidos geotérmicos proporciona información sobre la aparición, la formación y los mecanismos de circulación de los recursos geotérmicos. En este estudio, se recogieron 13 muestras de agua geotérmica (> 34 °C) y 11 muestras de agua subterránea común (< 20 °C) en la mina de carbón de Qingdong, en China. En comparación con las muestras de agua subterránea común, las muestras de agua geotérmica tenían un mayor contenido de TDS, Ca2 + y SO42- (1,22-, 1,28- y 1,25 veces, respectivamente, que aquellas). La composición de las muestras de agua geotérmica fue 92% SO4.Cl-Ca.Mg y 8% SO4.Cl-Na, mientras que la composición de las muestras de agua subterránea común fue 73% SO4.Cl-Ca.Mg y 27% SO4.Cl-Na. El análisis de las composiciones isotópicas de hidrógeno y oxígeno de las muestras reveló la precipitación atmosférica y la interacción agua-roca como fuentes de las muestras de agua geotérmica. La composición química del agua geotérmica está dominada por las interacciones de intercambio de iones y la disolución de carbonatos y silicatos. En general, el agua geotérmica de la zona de estudio se caracteriza por unas condiciones hidrodinámicas óptimas y unas interacciones de intercambio iónico más intensas que las aguas subterráneas comunes. Además, la formación del agua geotérmica está controlada por las condiciones hidrogeológicas y estructurales, que se forman por la infiltración de la precipitación atmosférica, el calentamiento por la circulación profunda y el transporte por las fallas conductoras de agua (F11) a los estratos de carbón poco profundos. Estos resultados facilitarán el desarrollo de los recursos geotérmicos y la construcción de minas ecológicas verdes, que proporcionarán considerables beneficios económicos y sociales.
摘要
地下热液的水文地球化学特征帮助我们深入了解地热资源发生、形成和循环机制.研究从青东煤矿收集了13个地下热水水样 (> 34 °C) 和11个普通地下水样 (< 20 °C).与普通地下水样相比, 地下热水水样的TDS,Ca2+和SO42−含量更高,分别为普通地下水的1.22,1.28和1.25倍.地下热水水样的水化学相组分为SO4.Cl-Ca.Mg 92%和SO4.Cl–Na 8%, 而普通地下水样的水化学相组分SO4.Cl-Ca.Mg 73%和SO4.Cl–Na 27%.同时,水样的氢和氧同位素分析表明, 地下热水水样源自大气降水和水-岩相互作用。地下热水化学成分主要是由离子交换作用和碳酸盐与硅酸盐溶解形成.总体上,研究区地下热水具有最佳水动力条件和比普通地下水更强烈的离子交换作用.此外,地下热水的形成受水文地质和构造条件控制,由大气降水入渗,深层循环流体加热和导水断层 (F 11) 向浅部煤层运输的过程形成.研究有助于地热资源开发和绿色生态矿山建设,将带来可观的经济和社会效益.
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Acknowledgements
This research was funded by the key scientific research projects of Anhui Provincial Department of Education (KJ2021A1117), the key natural science research projects of Suzhou University (2020yzd03), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41773100), funding projects for research activities of academic and technological leaders of Anhui Province (2020D239), and the Centre for Basic Geology-Suzhou university scientific Centre(2021XJPT55). We also thank Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.
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Xu, J., Gui, H., Chen, J. et al. Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of the Geothermal Water in the Qingdong Coal Mine, Northern Anhui Province, China. Mine Water Environ 41, 1015–1026 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-022-00895-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-022-00895-2