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Isotope Drift Characteristics in Ordovician Limestone Karst Water Caused by Coal Mining in Northern China

Isotopendrift-Verhalten im ordovizischen Kalkstein-Karstwasser, verursacht durch Kohlebergbau in Nordchina

Características de la desviación de isótopos en el agua kárstica de piedra caliza ordovícica causada por la minería del carbón en el norte de China

华北煤炭开采引起的奥陶系灰岩岩溶水同位素漂移特征

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Abstract

Samples from different areas near the Fengfeng Mine in northern China were analyzed for 2H and 18O isotopes. In the southern areas, the 2H and 18O isotopes exhibited no significant drift off the background. However, in the eastern area, the 2H isotope drifted remarkably, although 2H and 18O both drifted in some samples. In the northern area, the 2H and 18O both obviously drifted. The 2H drift is attributed to deuterium equilibrium due to water–rock interactions between the Ordovician limestone (OL) karst water and silicate minerals. The 18O drift probably came from water–rock reactions between OL water and carbonate minerals, along with the 18O equilibrium reaction. It was demonstrated that the dual drift were connected to water–rock reactions between the OL water, carbonate, and silicate minerals. Therefore, the drift was actually due to equilibrium exchange of OL water–rock interactions during the water level descent and ascent, which was closely related to the mining activities.

Zusammenfassung

Um das Driftverhalten von Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoffisotopen im ordovizischen Kalkstein-Karstgrundwasser (OK-Wasser) unter einem Kohlebergbaugebiet umfassend zu bewerten, wurden Proben aus verschiedenen Bereichen des Fengfeng Bergbaugebiets im Norden Chinas auf das Driftverhalten und die Wechselwirkungen von 2H und 18O Isotopen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass in den südlichen Minenbereichen die Zusammensetzung der Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoffisotope nach hochintensivem Kohlebergbau keine Abdrift vom Hintergrundwert anzeigte. Demgegenüber driftete das Isotop 2H im östlichen Minenbereich mit einer Rate von 57,14 % beträchtlich, und in einigen Proben drifteten 2H und 18O gleichzeitig. Im nördlichen Minenbereich drifteten beide Isotope 2H und 18O ganz offensichtlich mit einer Rate von 27,27 %. Die Drift von Wasserstoff- und Sauerstoffisotopen sollte während des Kohlebergbaus in Wasser-Gesteinsreaktionen auftreten. Die Drift des 2H-Isotops war gekoppelt an die Wasser-Gesteinsreaktion zwischen OK-Wasser und Silikatmineralien und begleitet von der 2H-Gleichgewichtsreaktion. Die Drift des 18O-Isotops folgte vermutlich aus der Wasser-Gesteinsreaktion zwischen OK-Wasser und Karbonatmineralien, begleitet von der 18O-Gleichgewichtsreaktion. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die duale Drift an Wasser-Gesteinsreaktionen zwischen OK-Wasser-, Karbonat- und Silikatmineralien gekoppelt ist.

Resumen

Con el fin de evaluar exhaustivamente las características de la desviación de los isótopos de hidrógeno y oxígeno en el agua subterránea kárstica de la caliza ordovícica (agua OL) en el área de la minería de carbón, se analizaron muestras de diferentes áreas en el área de la mina Fengfeng en el norte de China para las características y el movimiento de los isótopos 2H y 18O. Los resultados mostraron que en las áreas del sur, la composición de los isótopos de hidrógeno y oxígeno no mostró desviaciones del fondo después de la extracción de carbón de alta intensidad, mientras que en el área oriental, el isótopo 2H se desvió notablemente con una tasa del 57,14% mientras que en algunas muestras ambos isótopos se desviaron simultáneamente. En el área norte, los isótopos 2H y 18O se desviaron claramente con una tasa de 27,27%. La desviación de los isótopos de hidrógeno y oxígeno se produciría en la reacción de la roca de agua durante el proceso de minería del carbón. La deriva del isótopo 2H se relacionó con la reacción agua-roca entre el agua OL y los minerales de silicato, acompañada de la reacción de equilibrio 2H. La deriva del isótopo 18O probablemente provino de la reacción de la roca de agua entre el agua OL y los minerales carbonatados, acompañada de la reacción de equilibrio del 18O. Se demostró que la deriva dual estaba conectada a la reacción de agua-roca entre los agua OL y minerales de carbonato y silicato.

抽象

为全面评价煤炭开采区奥陶系灰岩岩溶水(OL)的氢氧同位素(D和18O)的漂移特征和过程,从华北峰峰矿区不同地点取样并测试。结果显示,在研究区南部,氢氧同位素并未在高强度煤炭开采之后表现出偏离背景的漂移现象;但是,在研究区东部,2H明显漂移了57.4%,某些水样还表现出2H和18O同时漂移特征。在研究区北部,2H和18O都明显漂移了27.27%。氢氧同位素漂移主要由煤炭开采期间水-岩反应引起。2H漂移与奥灰水与硅酸盐矿物反应有关,伴随2H反应动态均衡。18O漂移可能由奥灰水与碳酸盐矿物反应引起,伴随18O反应动态均衡。研究说明氢氧双元素漂移与奥灰水、碳酸盐和硅酸盐之间的水-盐反应有关。

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the National Geological Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Project (no. 1210800000022-6), Langfang Technology Research and Development Program (no. 2017013131), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (no. 3142017100), and Key Laboratory of Mine Geological Hazards Mechanism and Control Project (KF2017-13).

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Correspondence to Yue Huang.

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Hao, C., Huang, Y., He, P. et al. Isotope Drift Characteristics in Ordovician Limestone Karst Water Caused by Coal Mining in Northern China. Mine Water Environ 38, 507–516 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00606-4

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