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Prediction of Groundwater Inflow into an Iron Mine: A Case Study of the Thach Khe Iron Mine, Vietnam

铁矿地下水涌水量预测:越南Thach Khe 铁矿案例研究

Vorhersage eines Grundwasserzuflusses in ein Eisenbergwerk: Fallstudie aus der Thach Khe Eisenmine, Vietnam

Predicción de la entrada de agua subterránea dentro de una mina de hierro: un estudio del caso de la mina Thach Khe Iron, Vietnam

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Abstract

Management of large quantities of water from a mine site is generally considered in the initial mine plan, but has to be refined as mining progresses. Evaluating and forecasting groundwater ingress to a mine are necessary. Based on a conceptual hydrogeological model of Vietnam’s Thach Khe iron mine and the area surrounding it, a calibrated numerical groundwater model was developed and various scenarios were assessed to estimate groundwater ingress at different stages of the mine life. Groundwater flows into the mine site during eight periods, from the fourth year to the projected end of mining, were forecasted by the numerical model. The total groundwater is steadily increasing from 2800 to 14,450 m3/h. Comparing the modeling result with actual observations showed that the forecast modeling result was 4.1% higher than the observed results. Therefore, the hydrogeological conditions and selected parameters in the model appear reasonable.

摘要

矿井在规划阶段就应考虑采场巨大涌水量的管理,而且在开采期间还要进一步技术细化。评价和预测涌水量对一个矿井必不可少。基于越南Thach Khe 铁矿及周围的水文地质概念模型,建立了校正的地下水流数值模型,预测了矿井在不同开采阶段的涌水量。利用该数值模型预测了从第四年到计划开采结束的八个阶段的涌水量。总涌水量将由2,800 m3/h稳定增长至14,450m3/h。与涌水量实际观测结果对比,模型预测值比实际观测值高4.1%。因此,模型的水文地质条件和选取参数合理。

Zusammenfassung

Der Umgang mit hohen Wassermengen, welche einem Bergwerk zutreten, ist normalerweise Gegenstand von Betrachtungen in initialen Rahmenplänen. Während des Abbauprozesses werden diese Angaben jedoch verfeinert. Notwendigerweise müssen allerdings auch Berechnungen und Vorhersagen des Grundwasserzuflusses erfolgen. Basierend auf einem konzeptionellen hydrogeologischen Modell der Thach Khe Eisenmine (Vietnam) und ihrer Umgebung wurde ein numerisches Grundwassermodell entwickelt und kalibriert. Hiermit sind verschiedene Szenarien berechnet worden, um den Grundwasserzufluss zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten der betriebsdauer des Bergwerks zu ermitteln. Der Grundwasserzufluss in das Bergwerk wurde mit dem numerischen Modell berechnet und in acht Stadien, beginnend ab dem vierten Betriebsjahr bis zum Ende des Betriebs prognostiziert. Die Zulaufmenge nimmt kontinuierlich von 2.800 auf 14.450 m3/h zu. Der Vergleich der Prognosen mit aktuellen Beobachtungen zeigt, dass die Modellvorhersagen um 4.1% höher lagen als die Messungen. Aus diesem Grund wird eingeschätzt, dass die im Modell verwendeten Randbedingungen und Parameter sinnvoll gewählt worden sind.

Resumen

El manejo de grandes cantidades de agua de un sitio minero es generalmente considerado en el plan inicial de la mina, pero tiene que ser refinado a medida que avanza la explotación minera. Es necesario evaluar y pronosticar el ingreso de agua subterránea a una mina. Basado en un modelo hidrogeológico conceptual de la mina de hierro Thach Khe de Vietnam y el área que la rodea, se desarrolló un modelo numérico calibrado de agua subterránea y se evaluaron varios escenarios para estimar el ingreso de agua subterránea en diferentes etapas de la vida de la mina. El modelo numérico pronosticó los flujos de agua subterránea en el sitio de la mina durante ocho períodos, desde el cuarto año hasta el final proyectado de la minería. El agua subterránea total está aumentando constantemente de 2.800 a 14.450 m3 / h. La comparación con las observaciones reales mostró que el resultado del modelo de pronóstico era un 4,1% más alto. Por lo tanto, las condiciones hidrogeológicas y los parámetros seleccionados en el modelo parecen razonables.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge funding by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China (51474039, 51404046, U1361205), State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control (2011DA105287-MS201403), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (106112015CDJXY240003), the Basic Research of Frontier and Application of Chongqing (cstc2015jcyjA90019), and the SRF for ROCS, SEM. The author express their most sincere thanks to the Institute Director and specialists of the National Institute of Mining-Metallurgy Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam for their valuable documents.

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Ta, D., Cao, S., Steyl, G. et al. Prediction of Groundwater Inflow into an Iron Mine: A Case Study of the Thach Khe Iron Mine, Vietnam. Mine Water Environ 38, 310–324 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00595-4

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