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Redescriptions of Dampierosa daruma Whitley 1932 and Erosa erosa (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829) (Teleostei: Synanceiidae)

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Abstract

Dampierosa daruma Whitley 1932 and Erosa erosa (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829) (Synanceiidae) were redescribed on the basis of both primary type and non-type specimens. The validity of Dampierosa Whitley 1932 has previously been uncertain, the name sometimes being regarded as a junior synonym of Erosa Swainson 1839. However, the following morphological differences between the type species of both genera (monotypic) confirmed the validity of the former: (1) usually XIII, 8 dorsal-fin rays in D. daruma (vs. XIV, 6 in E. erosa); (2) usually I, 6 anal-fin rays (vs. III, 5); (3) 12 pectoral-fin rays (vs. 15); (4) dorsal head contour rounded in lateral view (vs. not rounded); (5) occipital pit star or asterisk shaped (vs. parallelogram or quadrate shaped); (6) opercle relatively small, with weakly developed spines and ridges (vs. opercle relatively large, with well developed spines and ridges); (7) 2nd mandibular pores (just behind mandibular symphysis) separated in large adults (fused, forming a single pore in small specimens) (vs. fused, forming a single pore throughout life); and (8) body entirely covered with numerous warts (vs. partially covered with warts). Erosa fratrum Ogilby 1910a and Erosa iridea Ogilby 1910b are regarded as junior synonyms of nominal Synanceia erosa. Dampierosa daruma is restricted to northwestern Australia, whereas E. erosa is widely distributed in the western Pacific and southeastern Indian Ocean, ranging from Australia, New Caledonia and Tonga north to Japan.

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Acknowledgments

We are especially grateful to A. Hay (AMS); S.-P. Huang (ASIZ); A. Suzumoto (BPBM); H. Endo (BSKU); D. Catania (CAS); A. Graham and J. Pogonoski (CSIRO); P. Pruvost and R. Causse (MNHN); Y. Iwatsuki (MUFS); G. Shinohara and M. Nakae (NSMT); G. Dally (NTM); K. Hatooka and S. Matsui (OMNH); J. Johnson (QM); K. Hoshino (SNFR); T. Yoshino (formerly URM); M. Allen (WAM); and P. Bartsch (ZMB) for providing opportunities to examine specimens. We are also indebted to A. Graham and Y. Inoue (BSKU) for providing photographs of fresh specimens; K. Miyamoto (OCF) for providing collection data on URM specimens; Y. Tomimori (KUN) for taking X-ray photographs; and G. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) for reading the manuscript and providing help with English. This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 20H03311 and 21H03651; the JSPS Core-to-core CREPSUM JPJSCCB2020009; and the “Establishment of Glocal Research and Education Network in the Amami Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan.

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Correspondence to Mizuki Matsunuma.

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Matsunuma, M., Motomura, H. Redescriptions of Dampierosa daruma Whitley 1932 and Erosa erosa (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes 1829) (Teleostei: Synanceiidae). Ichthyol Res 69, 149–168 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-021-00828-z

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