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Immersive \(360^{\circ }\) video user experience: impact of different variables in the sense of presence and cybersickness

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Abstract

Virtual Reality (VR) has been recently gaining interest from researchers and companies, contributing to the development of the associated technologies that aim to transport its users to a virtual environment by the stimulation of their senses. Technologies such as Head-Mounted Displays (HMD), capable of presenting 360° video in 3D, are becoming affordable and, consequently, more common among the average consumer, potentiating the creation of a market for VR experiences. The purpose of this study is to measure the influence of (a) video format (2D/monoscopic vs 3D/stereoscopic), (b) sound format (2D/stereo vs 3D/spatialized), and (c) gender on users’ sense of presence and cybersickness, while experiencing a VR application using an HMD. Presence and cybersickness were measured using questionnaires as subjective measures. Portuguese versions of the Igroup Presence Questionnaire for presence and the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire for cybersickness were used. Results revealed no statistically significant differences between (a) VIDEO and (b) SOUND variables on both senses of presence and cybersickness. When paired with (a) VIDEO, the independent variable (c) Gender showed significant differences on almost all subscales of presence. Results suggest that the widely acknowledged differences in spatial ability between genders were a major factor contributing to this outcome.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the project “TEC4Growth Pervasive Intelligence, Enhancers and Proofs of Concept with Industrial Impact/NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-000020” financed by the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, and through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The research works were conducted at MASSIVE VR Laboratory, an output of the project REC I/EEI-SII/0360/2012 entitled “MASSIVE - Multimodal Acknowledgeable multiSenSory Immersive Virtual Environments” financed by the European Union (COMPETE, QREN and FEDER).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal

    David Narciso, Maximino Bessa & José Vasconcelos-Raposo

  2. INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal

    David Narciso, Maximino Bessa, Miguel Melo, António Coelho & José Vasconcelos-Raposo

  3. Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    António Coelho

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  1. David Narciso
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Narciso, D., Bessa, M., Melo, M. et al. Immersive \(360^{\circ }\) video user experience: impact of different variables in the sense of presence and cybersickness. Univ Access Inf Soc 18, 77–87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0581-5

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