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Chestnut goby, Gymnogobius castaneus (O’Shaughnessy 1875), as a suitable host of Anemina arcaeformis (Heude 1877) in floodplain water bodies, Hokkaido, Northern Japan

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Abstract

This study examined a host-parasite relationship between chestnut goby Gymnogobius castaneus (O’Shaughnessy 1875) and a unionid mussel Anemina arcaeformis (Heude 1877) in three floodplain water bodies of the Ishikari River. Field observations of gravidity between summer (July 2016) and spring (May 2017) revealed that female A. arcaeformis began incubating eggs in September, and all reached a fully ripe-glochidia-gravid stage by May with a decreasing trend in the proportion of gravid individuals. Two laboratory experiments, in which field-caught G. castaneus were artificially infected by glochidia of A. arcaeformis, showed that transformation rates were among the highest ever reported for A. arcaeformis (an average across all the surviving individuals: 47.9%) with a shorter development time in warmer environments. Transformation rates did not differ among sympatric or allopatric pairs, nor decrease when infected twice. Relatively high transformation rates were attributed to high glochidia attachments to gills and mouth cavity (approximately 30% of initially attached individuals) following the highest to fins, or a reduced immunity against infection due to colder environments. Overall, our study demonstrated that chestnut goby (G. castaneus) served as a suitable host of winter-breeding A. arcaeformis. Together with records of the expanded distribution of these two species in the past 30 years, it might be relatively recently that these two have colonized the study areas after extensive land changes, with A. arcaeformis having benefited from a successful host-parasite relationship.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to A. Agui and Sapporo Regional Office of Hokkaido Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) for their laboratory and field assistance. MLIT kindly provided logistical support for catching fish. This study is partly supported by the research fund for the Ishikari River provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism, and also in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 11950749 to JNN) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan

    Junjiro N. Negishi

  2. Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10, W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan

    Kazuki Miura & Hokuto Izumi

  3. Makomanai Akebono Junior High School, Akebono-cho 2, Makomanai, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 005-0018, Japan

    Yutaka Negishi

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  1. Junjiro N. Negishi
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  2. Kazuki Miura
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  3. Hokuto Izumi
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  4. Yutaka Negishi
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Correspondence to Junjiro N. Negishi.

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Handling Editor: Takuya Sato.

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10201_2018_553_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Checking the gravidity in the field (A); measurements of shell length using a photograph (B); gently opening the shells with a pair of reverse plier (C); A. arcaeformis at an egg-gravid stage (D); an extracted slurry of immature glochidia (E) (JPG 582 kb)

10201_2018_553_MOESM2_ESM.jpg

Anemina arcaeformis at a glochidia-gravid stage (A); glochidia attached to a fin of Gymnogobius castaneus (B); ripe and viable glochidia (C); a transformed juvenile of A. arcaeformis (D) (JPG 318 kb)

Supplementary material 3 (DOCX 19 kb)

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Negishi, J.N., Miura, K., Izumi, H. et al. Chestnut goby, Gymnogobius castaneus (O’Shaughnessy 1875), as a suitable host of Anemina arcaeformis (Heude 1877) in floodplain water bodies, Hokkaido, Northern Japan. Limnology 19, 343–354 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-018-0553-3

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