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Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B Signaling Promotes Pericyte Migration in Response to Loud Sound in the Cochlear Stria Vascularis

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Abstract

Normal blood supply to the cochlea is critical for hearing. Noise damages auditory sensory cells and has a marked effect on the microvasculature in the cochlear lateral wall. Pericytes in the stria vascularis (strial pericytes) are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to acoustic trauma. Exposure of NG2DsRedBAC transgenic mice (6–8 weeks old) to wide-band noise at a level of 120 dB for 3 h per day for 2 consecutive days produced a significant hearing threshold shift and caused pericytes to protrude and migrate from their normal endothelial attachment sites. The pericyte migration was associated with increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGF-BB). Blockade of PDGF-BB signaling with either imatinib, a potent PDGF-BB receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor, or APB5, a specific PDGFRβ blocker, significantly attenuated the pericyte migration from strial vessel walls. The PDGF-BB-mediated strial pericyte migration was further confirmed in an in vitro cell migration assay, as well as in an in vivo live animal model used in conjunction with confocal fluorescence microscopy. Pericyte migration took one of two different forms, here denoted protrusion and detachment. The protrusion is characterized by pericytes with a prominent triangular shape, or pericytes extending fine strands to neighboring capillaries. The detachment is characterized by pericyte detachment and movement away from vessels. We also found the sites of pericyte migration highly associated with regions of vascular leakage. In particular, under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), multiple vesicles at the sites of endothelial cells with loosely attached pericytes were observed. These data show that cochlear pericytes are markedly affected by acoustic trauma, causing them to display abnormal morphology. The effect of loud sound on pericytes is mediated by upregulation of PDGF-BB. Normal functioning pericytes are required for vascular stability.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Drs. Neng Lingling and Wenjing Zhang (Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University) for their initial work in establishing a primary pericyte cell line from the stria vascularis in the Shi Lab. We also thank Dr. Alfred Nuttall (Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University) for his critical review and valuable discussion of the manuscript, Rachel Dumont Ph.D. for her assistance with the transmission electron microscopy, and Allan Kachelmeier B.S for his editing on this manuscript.

Funding

This research was supported by NIH/NIDCD R21 DC016157 (X.Shi), NIH/NIDCD R01 DC015781 (X.Shi), NIH/NIDCD R01-DC010844 (X.Shi), NIH P30-DC005983 (Peter Barr-Gillespie), Medical Research Foundation from Oregon Health and Science University MRF (X.Shi), and P01GM051487-20 (Manfred Auer).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Oregon Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA

      Zhiqiang Hou, Xiaohan Wang, Jing Cai, Jinhui Zhang & Xiaorui Shi

    2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA

      Ahmed Hassan

    3. Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA

      Manfred Auer

    Author notes

    1. Zhiqiang Hou and Xiaohan Wang contributed equally to this work.

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      1. Zhiqiang Hou
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      Hou, Z., Wang, X., Cai, J. et al. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Subunit B Signaling Promotes Pericyte Migration in Response to Loud Sound in the Cochlear Stria Vascularis. JARO 19, 363–379 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-018-0670-z

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