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Optimal equation for estimation of glomerular filtration rate in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: influence of tolvaptan

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Abstract

Background

The reliability of various equations for estimating the GFR in ADPKD patients and the influence of tolvaptan on the resulting estimates have not been examined when GFR is calculated on the basis of inulin clearance.

Methods

We obtained baseline and on-tolvaptan measured GFRs (mGFRs), calculated on the basis of inulin clearance, in 114 ADPKD, and these mGFRs were compared with eGFRs calculated according to four basic equations: the MDRD, CKD-EPI, and JSN-CKDI equations and the Cockcroft–Gault formula, as well as the influence of tolvaptan and of inclusion of cystatin C on accuracy of the results. Accuracy of each of the seven total equations was evaluated on the basis of the percentage of eGFR values within mGFR ± 30% (P30).

Results

mGFRs were distributed throughout CKD stages 1–5. Regardless of the CKD stage, P30s of the MDRD, CKD-EPI, and JSN-CKDI equations did not differ significantly between baseline values and on-tolvaptan values. In CKD 1–2 patients, P30 of the CKD-EPI equation was 100.0%, whether or not the patient was on-tolvaptan. In CKD 3–5 patients, P30s of the MDRD, CKD-EPI, and JSN-CKDI equations were similar. For all four equations, regression coefficients and intercepts did not differ significantly between baseline and on-tolvaptan values, but accuracy of the Cockcroft–Gault formula was inferior to that of the other three equations. Incorporation of serum cystatin C reduced accuracy.

Conclusions

The CKD-EPI equation is most reliable, regardless of the severity of CKD. Tolvaptain intake has minimal influence and cystatin C incorporation does not improve accuracy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan

    Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi, Takatsugu Okegawa & Kikuo Nutahara

  2. Department of ADPKD Research, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

    Eiji Higashihara

  3. Department of Radiology, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Isao Miyazaki

Authors
  1. Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
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  2. Eiji Higashihara
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  3. Takatsugu Okegawa
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  4. Isao Miyazaki
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  5. Kikuo Nutahara
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi.

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The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee at which this studies were conducted and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethics Committee approval has been obtained (Approval number 482).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Yamaguchi, T., Higashihara, E., Okegawa, T. et al. Optimal equation for estimation of glomerular filtration rate in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: influence of tolvaptan. Clin Exp Nephrol 22, 1213–1223 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-018-1574-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-018-1574-2

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