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Multicenter prospective phase II trial of nivolumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma

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Abstract

Background

Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with poorer response compared with cutaneous melanoma. Prospective trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma have not been reported.

Purpose

This phase II trial assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab monotherapy for unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma.

Patients and methods

Eligibility criteria were as follows: histological diagnosis of unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma; age ≥ 20 years; ECOG performance status 0 or 1; and with measurable lesions. Patients received nivolumab 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was the response rate (RR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. The secondary endpoints were overall survival, progression-free survival, disease control rate, and toxicity.

Results

Twenty patients were enrolled between December 2014 and July 2017. Two patients without measurable lesions and one patient with uveal melanoma were excluded from analysis of efficacy. The best overall RR was 23.5%. One patient achieved a complete response, three partial response, and five stable disease as their best response. The median progression-free survival was 1.4 months (95% CI 1.2–2.8). The median overall survival was 12.0 months (95% CI 3.5 to not reached). The 1-year overall survival was 50.0% (95% CI 25.9–70.0%). Treatment-related adverse events of grades 3 or 4 occurred in 15% (3/20) of the patients. Grade 3 adverse events were resolved by corticosteroid treatment.

Conclusion

Although this trial met the primary endpoint, the RR was still unsatisfactory. Therefore, further treatment development is required.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the patients and their families who participated in the trial.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Oncology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Motoo Nomura

  2. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Isao Oze

  3. Department of Clinical Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 54 Kawahara-choSakyo-ku, ShogoinKyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Toshiki Masuishi & Masashi Andoh

  4. Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Tomoya Yokota

  5. Department of Medical Oncology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 54 Kawahara-choSakyo-ku, ShogoinKyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Hironaga Satake

  6. Department of Respirology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Shunichiro Iwasawa

  7. Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Ken Kato

Authors
  1. Motoo Nomura
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  2. Isao Oze
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  3. Toshiki Masuishi
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  4. Tomoya Yokota
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  5. Hironaga Satake
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  6. Shunichiro Iwasawa
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  7. Ken Kato
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  8. Masashi Andoh
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Motoo Nomura.

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Conflict of interest

Motoo Nomura, Isao Oze, Toshiki Masuishi, Tomoya Yokota, Ken Kato, and Masashi Andoh have conflicts of interest to declare and have financial disclosures or funding support. Shunichiro Iwasawa reports grants and lecture fees from ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., and lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K. Hironaga Satake received honoraria from Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly Japan, Merck Bio Pharma, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, Taiho Pharmaceutical, Takeda, and Yakult Honsha.

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Nomura, M., Oze, I., Masuishi, T. et al. Multicenter prospective phase II trial of nivolumab in patients with unresectable or metastatic mucosal melanoma. Int J Clin Oncol 25, 972–977 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01618-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01618-9

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