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Transcriptome-Based Identification of the Desiccation Response Genes in Marine Red Algae Pyropia tenera (Rhodophyta) and Enhancement of Abiotic Stress Tolerance by PtDRG2 in Chlamydomonas

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Abstract

Pyropia tenera (Kjellman) are marine red algae that grow in the intertidal zone and lose more than 90% of water during hibernal low tides every day. In order to identify the desiccation response gene (DRG) in P. tenera, we generated 1,444,210 transcriptome sequences using the 454-FLX platform from the gametophyte under control and desiccation conditions. De novo assembly of the transcriptome reads generated 13,170 contigs, covering about 12 Mbp. We selected 1160 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to desiccation stress based on reads per kilobase per million reads (RPKM) expression values. As shown in green higher plants, DEGs under desiccation are composed of two groups of genes for gene regulation networks and functional proteins for carbohydrate metabolism, membrane perturbation, compatible solutes, and specific proteins similar to higher plants. DEGs that show no significant homology with known sequences in public databases were selected as DRGs in P. tenera. PtDRG2 encodes a novel polypeptide of 159 amino acid residues locating chloroplast. When PtDRG2 was overexpressed in Chlamydomonas, the PtDRG2 confer mannitol and salt tolerance in transgenic cells. These results suggest that Pyropia may possess novel genes that differ from green plants, although the desiccation tolerance mechanism in red algae is similar to those of higher green plants. These transcriptome sequences will facilitate future studies to understand the common processes and novel mechanisms involved in desiccation stress tolerance in red algae.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the Golden Seed Project; Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA); the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF); the Rural Development Administration (RDA); and the Korea Forest Service (KFS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology Education, Chonnam National University and Khumho Research Institute, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea

    Sungoh Im, Ha-Nul Lee, Hyun Shin Jung, Sunghwan Yang & Dong-Woog Choi

  2. Seaweed Research Center, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Mokpo, 58746, South Korea

    Eun-Jeong Park & Mi Sook Hwang

  3. Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea

    Won-Joong Jeong

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  1. Sungoh Im
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  2. Ha-Nul Lee
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Correspondence to Dong-Woog Choi.

Electronic supplementary material

Supplementary Table 1

Summary of DEGs up-regulated by desiccation (XLSX 64 kb)

Supplementary Table 2

Summary of DEGs down-regulated by desiccation (XLSX 93 kb)

ESM 1

Supplementary Fig. 1. Sequence length distribution for each read generated by 454 sequencing. Supplementary Fig. 2. Sequence length distribution for each read contig created by assembly of the reads. Supplementary Fig. 3. Distribution of read number assembled in each contig. Supplementary Fig. 4. Distribution of DEGs in each functional category at level 3 in GO (PPTX 129 kb)

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Im, S., Lee, HN., Jung, H.S. et al. Transcriptome-Based Identification of the Desiccation Response Genes in Marine Red Algae Pyropia tenera (Rhodophyta) and Enhancement of Abiotic Stress Tolerance by PtDRG2 in Chlamydomonas . Mar Biotechnol 19, 232–245 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-017-9744-x

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