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Applying Bayesian networks to evaluate small-scale farmers’ perceptions of native reforestation practices in Brazil’s Caatinga biome

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Abstract

In Brazil’s semi-arid Northeast, most rural dwellers derive income from the dry Caatinga forest through livestock farming, fruit collection, and firewood extraction. However, recurring droughts and inadequate land use practices jeopardize farmers’ livelihoods. The drought-resistant, endemic Umbuzeiro tree provides fruit for direct consumption and allows for the creation of transformed products. The planting of this native species can enhance the well-being of the ecosystem and establish future benefits for smallholdings. However, it is crucial that when taking up innovative practices to cope with environmental change, a willingness to apply them should be fostered among local farmers. We used constellation analysis as a transdisciplinary approach to identify elements of current land management which subsequently defined the nodes of a Bayesian network (BN). We developed probabilities of practice uptake that strengthen success, namely the conservation of natural resources while securing the incomes of smallholders. In collaboration with stakeholders and experts, 25 identified nodes for the BN were tested under various scenarios. Adopting all suggested innovative practices secures the final objectives—ecosystem health and farmer benefits (approx. 90%). The analysis quantified the relevance of single issues that may impede farmers to adopt the practices, such as having to cultivate seedlings or avoiding long-term investments. Further crucial actions include the fencing-off of livestock and marketing pathways. Affordable credit, research, and supportive farmers’ institutions can encourage farmers to implement innovative practices. The use of modeled scenarios can provide evidence, which might encourage sustainable land management.

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Acknowledgments

Many thanks to our interview partners and experts for the opportunity to exchange and discuss experiences. Thanks to Victoria Gartman, Eva Ulfeldt, and Jonah Landor-Yamagata for the English editing.

Funding

The study was performed within the research project INNOVATE and supported by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, under grant numbers 01LL0904A and B).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Assessment and Planning Research Group, Technische Universität Berlin (Berlin Institute of Technology), Secr. EB 5, Straße des 17. Juni 145, 10623, Berlin, Germany

    Verena Rodorff, Liron Steinmetz, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze & Johann Köppel

  2. Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute), Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 13, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany

    Jan Mertens

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  1. Verena Rodorff
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  2. Liron Steinmetz
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Correspondence to Verena Rodorff.

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Rodorff, V., Steinmetz, L., Mertens, J. et al. Applying Bayesian networks to evaluate small-scale farmers’ perceptions of native reforestation practices in Brazil’s Caatinga biome. Reg Environ Change 18, 1983–1997 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-018-1370-2

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