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The role of tropical dry forests for biodiversity, carbon and water conservation in the neotropics: lessons learned and opportunities for its sustainable management

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Abstract

In this paper, we provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current regional literature associated with tropical dry forest (TDF) along three main axes: biodiversity, carbon and water conservation in the neotropics. Our analysis provides three key findings: (1) from the biodiversity point of view, we document that high degrees of endemism, diversity of plant life forms and ecophysiological types as key elements for their conservation across the Americas, (2) from the carbon storage point of view, we found that if the world’s TDFs were restored they whole ecosystem would comprise 22 P g of carbon in aboveground biomass. In the Americas alone, TDF restoration could potentially add 8 P g of carbon to the potential total ecosystem carbon stock, (3) we found that at least 66 % of water reservoirs in the neotropics are located within dry forest ecoregions; therefore, the conservation of the quality of freshwater sources for human consumption in the neotropics is directly dependent on the sustainable management of TDF-dominated landscapes. In this paper, we stress that advocacy for conservation and sustainable management of TDF will benefit from integrating it’s value in biophysical terms (e.g. carbon, biodiversity) with key ecosystem services and uses (e.g. its impact on hydrological dynamics and its potential for fostering ecotourism initiatives and entrepreneurship). By doing this, support and awareness could be wider and more effective in the long term, especially from national and local communities.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) CRN3 025 which is supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant GEO-1128040). Logistical support by the University of Alberta is acknowledged. We thank Geraldo Wilson Fernandes for comments on early versions of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Earth Observation Sciences (CEOS), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada

    Carlos Portillo-Quintero & Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa

  2. Escuela de Ingenieria Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Cartago, Costa Rica

    Julio Calvo-Alvarado

  3. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas (CIECO), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico

    Mauricio Quesada

  4. Departamento de Biologia Geral/CCBS, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, CP 126, Montes Claros, MG, CEP 39401-089, Brazil

    Mario Marcos do Espirito Santo

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  1. Carlos Portillo-Quintero
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Correspondence to Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa.

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Portillo-Quintero, C., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Calvo-Alvarado, J. et al. The role of tropical dry forests for biodiversity, carbon and water conservation in the neotropics: lessons learned and opportunities for its sustainable management. Reg Environ Change 15, 1039–1049 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-014-0689-6

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