Skip to main content
Log in

Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy with TOOKAD® Soluble (WST11) in localized prostate cancer: efficiency of automatic pre-treatment planning

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with WST11 is a novel non-thermal focal treatment for localized prostate cancer that has shown favorable and early efficacy results in previously published studies. In this work, we investigate the efficiency of automatic dosimetric treatment planning. An action model established in a previous study was used in an image-guided optimization scheme to define the personalized optimal light dose for each patient. The calculated light dose is expressed as the number of optical cylindrical fibers to be used, their positions according to an external insertion grid, and the lengths of their diffuser parts. Evaluation of the method was carried out on data collected from 17 patients enrolled in two multi-centric clinical trials. The protocol consisted of comparing the method-simulated necrosis to the result observed on day 7 MR enhanced images. The method performances showed that the final result can be estimated with an accuracy of 10%, corresponding to a margin of 3 mm. In addition, this process was compatible with clinical conditions in terms of calculation times. The overall process took less than 10 min. Different aspects of the VTP procedure were already defined and optimized. Personalized treatment planning definition remained as an issue needing further investigation. The method proposed herein completes the standardization of VTP and opens new pathways for the clinical development of the technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Windahl T, Andersson SO, Lofgren L (1990) Photodynamic therapy of localised prostatic cancer. Lancet 336(8723):1139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Zaak D, Sroka R, Hoppner M, Khoder W, Reich O, Tritschler S, Muschter R, Knuchel R, Hofstetter A (2003) Photodynamic therapy by means of 5-ALA induced PPIX in human prostate cancer—preliminary results. Med Laser Appli 18:91–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Moore CM, Nathan TR, Lees WR, Mosse CA, Freeman A, Emberton A, Bown SG (2006) Photodynamic therapy using meso tetra hydroxy phenyl chlorin (mTHPC) in early prostate cancer. Lasers Surg med 38:356–363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Moore CM, Pendse D, Emberton M (2009) Photodynamic therapy for prostate cancer—a review of current status and future promise. Nat Clin Pract Urol 6(1):18–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bozzini G, Colin P, Nevoux P, Villers A, Mordon S, Betrouni N (2013) Focal therapy of prostate cancer: energies and procedures. Urol Oncol: Semin Orig Investig 31(2):155–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Vakrat-Haglili Y, Weiner L, Brumfeld V, Brandis A, Salomon Y, McLlroy B, Wilson BC, Pawlak A, Rozanowska M, Sarna T, Scherz A (2005) The microenvironment effect on the generation of reactive oxygen species by pd-bacteriopheophorbide. J AmChem Soc 127:6487–6497

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Madar-Balakirski N, Tempel-Brami C, Kalchenko V, Brenner O, Varon D, Scherz A, Salomon Y (2010) Permanent occlusion of feeding arteries and draining veins in solid mouse tumors by vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) with Tookad. PLoS One 5(4):e10282

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Azzouzi, et al. (2016) Padeliporfin vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy versus active surveillance in men with low-risk prostate cancer (CLIN1001 PCM301): an open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Under press, The Lancet Oncology

  9. Moore CA, Azzouzi A, Barrett E, Villers A, Muir GH, Barber NJ, Bott S, Trachtenberg J, Arumainayagam N, Gaillac B, Allen C, Schertz A, Emberton M (2015) Determination of optimal drug dose and light dose index to achieve minimally invasive focal ablation of localised prostate cancer using WST11-vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy. BJU 116(6):888–896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Azzouzi A, Lebdai S, Benzaghou F, Stief C (2015) Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy with TOOKAD® Soluble in localized prostate cancer: standardization of the procedure. World J Urol 33(7):937–944

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Betrouni N, Lopes R, Puech P, Colin P, Mordon S (2011) A model to estimate the outcome of prostate cancer photodynamic therapy with TOOKAD Soluble WST11. Phys med Biol 56(15):4771–4783

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Betrouni N, Colin P, Puech P, Villers A, Mordon S (2013) An image guided treatment platform for prostate cancer photodynamic therapy. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 370–373 Osaka, Japan

  13. Haider MA, Davidson SRH, Kale AV, Weersink RA, Evans AJ, Toi A, Gertner MR, Bogaards A, Wilson B, Chin JL, Elhilali M, Trachtenberg J (2007) Prostate gland: MR imaging appearence after vasculat targeted photodynamic therapy with palladium-bacteriopheophorbide. Radiology 244(1):196–204

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Panteledis ML, Whitehurst C, Moore JV, King TA, Blacklock NJ (1997) Photodynamic therapy for localised prostatic cancer-light penetration in the human prostate-gland. J Urol 143(2):398–401

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen Q, Wilson BC, Shetty SD, Patterson MS, Cerny JC, Hetzl FW (1997) Changes in in vivo optical properties and light distribution in normal canine prostate during photodynamic therapy. Radia Res 147(1):86–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhu TC, Finaly JC, Hahn SM (2005) Determination of the distribution of light, optical properties, drug concentration and tissue oxygenation in vivo in human prostate during motexafin lutetium-mediated photodynamic therapy. J PhotochemPhotobiol 79(3):231–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Weersink RA, Bogaards A, Gertner M, Davidson SRH, Zhang K, Netchev G, Trachtenberg J, Wilson BC (2005) Techniques for delivery and monitoring of TOOKAD (WST09)-mediated photoynamic therapy of the prostate: clinical experience and practicalities. J Photochem Photobiol B:Biol 79(3):211–222

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Svensson T, Andersson-Engels S, Einarsdottir M, Svanberg K (2007) In vivo optical characterization of human prostate tissue using near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. JBioMOptics 12(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  19. Swartling J, Axelsson J, Ahlgren G, Kälkner KM, Nilsson S, Svanberg S, Svanberg K, Andersson-Engels S (2010) System for interstitial photodynamic therapy with online dosimetry: first clinical experiences of prostate cancer. J Biomed opt 15(5):058003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Azzouzi AR, Barret E, Bennet J, Moore C, Taneja S, Muir G, Villers A, Coleman J, Allen C, Scherz A, Emberton M (2015) TOOKAD® Soluble focal therapy: pooled analysis of three phase II studies assessing the minimally invasive ablation of localized prostate cancer. World J Urol 33(7):945–953

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Wilson BC, Whelan W, Davidson SRH, Weersink R, Sherar MD (2002) Treatment planning platform for photodynamic therapy: architecture, function and validation. ProcSPIE 4612(85):92

    Google Scholar 

  22. Alschuler MD, Zhu TC, Li J, Hahn SM (2008) Optimized interstitial PDT prostate treatment planning with the Cimmino feasibility algorithm. Med Phys 32(12):3525–3536

    Google Scholar 

  23. Du KL, Mick R, Busch TM, Zhu TC, Finlay JC, Yodh AG, Malkowicz SB, Smith D, Whittington R, Stripp D, Hahn SM (2006) Preliminary results of interstitial motexafin lutetium-mediated PDT for prostate cancer. Lasers Surg med 38:427–434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Johansson A, Axelsson J, Andersson-Engels S, Swartling J (2007) Realtime light dosimetry software tools for interstitial photodynamic therapy of the human prostate. Med Phys 34:4309–4321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. SRH D, Weersink RA, Haider MA, Gertner MR, Bogaards A, Giewercer D, Scherz A, Sherar MD, Elhilali M, Chin JL, Trachtenberg J, Wilson BC (2009) Treatment planning and dose analysis for interstitial photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer. PhysMedBiol 54:2293–2313

    Google Scholar 

  26. Fenning MC, Brown DQ, Chapman JD (1994) Photodosimetry of interstitial light delivery to solid tumours. Med Phys 21:1149–1156

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Vollet-Filho JD, Menezes PFC, Moriyama LT, Grecco C, Sibata C, Allison RR, Castro O, Silva E Jr, Bagnato VS (2009) Possibility for a full optical determination of photodynamic therapy outcome. J Appl Phys 105:102038-1–102038-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Makni N, Puech P, Colin P, Azzouzi A, Mordon S, Betrouni N (2012) Elastic image registration for guiding focal laser ablation of prostate cancer: preliminary results. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 108(1):213–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Contributions

Betrouni N.: Data analysis, manuscript writing

Boukris S.: Project management

Benzaghou F.: Protocol definition, manuscript writing

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Betrouni.

Ethics declarations

Ethical and regulatory approvals were sought and obtained from the relevant national and local authorities.

Conflict of interest

Betrouni N. acted as a consultant to Steba Biotech.

The study was fully funded by Steba Biotech.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(AVI 9517 kb).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Betrouni, N., Boukris, S. & Benzaghou, F. Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy with TOOKAD® Soluble (WST11) in localized prostate cancer: efficiency of automatic pre-treatment planning. Lasers Med Sci 32, 1301–1307 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2241-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2241-7

Keywords

Navigation