Abstract
The rising costs of petroleum-based fuels for internal combustion engines and their detrimental environmental impacts have spurred the search for alternative fuels. This study explores minor modifications to a compression ignition engine, enabling it to operate in dual fuel mode using biofuels as a viable alternative to neat diesel. A novel biofuel was developed using cedar wood oil, and its performance was experimentally investigated in a single-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant speed. Acetylene was continuously introduced to the engine at a flow rate of 6 L per minute, chosen for its optimal performance, yielding a brake thermal efficiency of over 30.7%. The engine was operated under constant conditions, including a compression ratio of 18, an ignition timing of 23°CA before top dead centre, and an injection pressure of 220 bar. Comparative evaluations were performed by analyzing the combustion characteristics and emission levels of diesel and cedar wood oil-based fuels with and without nanoadditive for diesel, B50 and B100 with a constant acetylene gas supply at 6 Lit/min. The primary objective was to reduce toxic emissions, including smoke, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides, released during fuel combustion with the help nanoadditives in fuel. The effects of cerium nanoparticles as an additive were considered in this study due its thermal stability and activation energy which reduce CO and HC emission significantly.The smoke, CO and HC were decreased for B100 + 6L A + 50 ppm blend by 20.21%, 65.52% and 51.42% for 100% load. It is found that cedar wood oil oil with nanoparticle additives could effectively reduce smoke and hydrocarbon emissions while maintaining comparable efficiency to neat diesel and pure biodiesel modes.
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Abbreviations
- IC:
-
Internal combustion
- ASTM:
-
American standard of testing materials
- CNG:
-
Compressed natural gas
- LPG:
-
Liquefied petroleum gas
- VCR:
-
Variable compression ratio
- CI:
-
Compression ignition
- N2 :
-
Nitrogen
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- H2O:
-
Water vapour
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- HC:
-
Hydrocarbon
- CR:
-
Compression ratio
- O2 :
-
Oxygen
- NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxide
- DI:
-
Direct injection
- CeO2 :
-
Cerium oxide
- A:
-
Acetylene
- cST:
-
Centistoke
- D:
-
Diesel
- B50:
-
50% Biodiesel + 50% diesel
- B75:
-
75% Biodiesel + 25% diesel
- B100:
-
100% Biodiesel
- FR:
-
Flow rate
- IP:
-
Injection pressure
- IT:
-
Injection timing
- CA:
-
Crank angle
- ppm:
-
Parts per million
- N:
-
Nanoparticle
- LPM:
-
Litre per minute
- RPM:
-
Revolution per minute
- bTDC:
-
Before top dead centre
- L:
-
Litre
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Gavaskar Thodda contributed to conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software. S. Murugapoopathi contributed to methodology, software, validation, visualization, writing—original draft. D. Vasudevan contributed to validation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Kassian T.T. Amesho contributed to formal analysis, supervision, validation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing.
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Thodda, G., Murugapoopathi, S., Vasudevan, D. et al. Sustainable emission reduction in CI engines using cerium nanoparticles and acetylene-cedar wood oil biofuel. Clean Techn Environ Policy (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02768-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-024-02768-4