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Bidirectional approach of β-cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles: reduction in toxicity and enhancement in antibacterial activity

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Abstract

The broad antibacterial activity range of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has drawn considerable interest. However, due to a lack of knowledge about toxicity, its potential uses are limited. Therefore, the current study attempted to increase the antibacterial activity of AgNPs without any detrimental effect on cells. Monodispersed, spherical AgNPs with an average particle size of 35 nm were chemically synthesized and capped with β-cyclodextrin. Native and β-cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles (βCD-AgNPs) were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Capping of βCD on AgNPs was examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The toxicity of native and βCD-AgNPs was evaluated on fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. Native AgNPs showed the highest reduction in ATP content as compared to the capped βCD-AgNPs in the cell viability assay. DNA damage was measured by comet assay using human lymphocytes, which demonstrated that the toxicity of native AgNPs was higher than the βCD-AgNPs. The antimicrobial activity of native and βCD-AgNPs was studied with gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis), which showed that the antimicrobial activity of βCD-AgNPs was remarkably higher than the native AgNPs.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grant No. (KEP-14-130-42) from the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. AA thanks DSR, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, for the financial assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India

    Mohd Jahir Khan

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abrar Ahmad & Mazin A. Zamzami

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India

    Sahabjada Siddiqui

  4. Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, New Delhi, 110095, India

    Mahmood Ahmad Khan

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  1. Mohd Jahir Khan
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  2. Abrar Ahmad
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  3. Mazin A. Zamzami
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  4. Sahabjada Siddiqui
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  5. Mahmood Ahmad Khan
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Contributions

MJK was involved in conceptualization, design of experiment, writing, review and editing—original draft, data curation, and funding acquisition. AA was involved in writing and editing—original draft, data curation, and funding acquisition. MAZ and MAK were involved in review and editing. SS was involved in conceptualization, design of experiment, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Mohd Jahir Khan.

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Khan, M.J., Ahmad, A., Zamzami, M.A. et al. Bidirectional approach of β-cyclodextrin-capped silver nanoparticles: reduction in toxicity and enhancement in antibacterial activity. Clean Techn Environ Policy (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02618-9

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