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Thermodynamic and economic evaluation and optimization of the applicability of integrating an innovative multi-heat recovery with a dual-flash binary geothermal power plant

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Abstract

Generally, a stand-alone flash-binary geothermal power plant loses most of its input energy, so its efficiency declines accordingly. Its overall ability can be augmentable by utilizing structural modification and waste heat recovery leading to the most suitable exergetic performance with lower costs. On this account, the current paper suggests and investigates an innovative waste heat recovery for a dual-flash binary geothermal power plant. The integrated process consists of a Rankine cycle, a reverse osmosis desalination, and a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer. Here, two main processes, i.e., waste heat-to-power and power-to-hydrogen/freshwater, are regarded. Accordingly, the applicability of the system is examined from the energy, exergy, and economic points of view. Thus, a relevant sensitivity analysis is applied to the response variables where the effect of separator 2 pressure is more significant than other parameters. In addition, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) method is implemented to optimize the system thermodynamically and economically. The optimum state reveals an exergy efficiency of 43.83% and a levelized cost of products of 4.54 $/MWh. In this situation, the net output power and production rate of freshwater and hydrogen are estimated at 6474 kW, 22.51 kg/s, and 1.84 kg/h, respectively.

Graphical abstract

Graphical representation of the novel devised renewable energy-fueled trigeneration setup

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Data availability

Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.

Abbreviations

\(A_{{\text{e}}}\) :

Area of the elements (m2)

\(A_{{\text{m}}}\) :

Area of the RO membrane (m2)

\({\text{CI}}\) :

The engineering plant cost index

\({\text{CRF}}\) :

Capital recovery factor

d :

Diameter (m)

D :

Thickness of the RO membrane (µm)

\({\dot{\text{E}}\text{x}}\) :

Exergy rate (kW)

E :

Available energy of the electrode (kJ/mol)

F :

Faraday coefficient (C/mol)

h :

Specific enthalpy (kJ/kg)

HPP:

High pressure of RO pump

\(i_{{\text{r}}}\) :

Lending rate (%)

J :

Flowing density (A/m2)

\(k_{{\text{w}}}\) :

Water permeability of RO membrane

LHV:

Lower heating value of hydrogen

LMTD:

Logarithmic mean temperature difference

LCOP:

Levelized cost of products ($/GJ)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow (kg/s)

NSGA-II:

Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II

n :

System lifetime (year)

\(\dot{N}\) :

Molar flow (mol/s)

\(N_{{\text{e}}}\) :

Number of RO elements

\(N_{{{\text{PV}}}}\) :

Number of available pressure vessels

P :

Pressure (kPa)

\(\dot{Q}\) :

Heat transfer rate (kW)

R REM :

Resistance of total ohmic

\(\overline{R}\) :

Universal gas coefficient (J/K mol)

RROR :

RO unit’s recovery ratio

s :

Specific entropy (kJ/kg K)

S :

Salinity (g/kg)

SR:

Percentage of salt rejection

SPS:

Specific power consumption (kWh/m2)

T :

Temperature (K)

TCF:

Correction factor of temperature

TGOR:

Trigeneration gain output ratio

U :

Coefficient of heat transfer (kW/m2K)

V :

Voltage (V)

\(\dot{W}\) :

Electricity rate (kW)

z :

Component’s investment cost ($)

\(\dot{Z}\) :

Component’s investment cost rate ($/h)

η :

Efficiency (%)

λ :

Membrane of surface water (1/Ω)

σ :

Ionic conductivity

ρ :

Density of fluid (kg/m2)

φ :

Maintenance coefficient

a:

Anode side

act:

Activation of electrode

b:

Brine water

c:

Cathode side

cond:

Condenser

D:

Exergy destruction

EV:

Expansion valve

F:

Exergy fuel

FW:

Fresh water

HE:

Heat exchanger

is:

Isentropic process

L:

Exergy lost

mix:

Mixer

net:

Net value

P:

Exergy product

PY:

Present year cost

ph:

Physical

pu:

Pump

ST:

Steam turbine

sep:

Separator

tot:

Total value

1, 2, …:

Cycle locations

0:

Dead state

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering, Imam Ali University, Tehran, Iran

    Amirhamzeh Farajollahi & Mohsen Rostami

  2. Department of Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

    Milad Feili & Hadi Ghaebi

Authors
  1. Amirhamzeh Farajollahi
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  2. Mohsen Rostami
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  3. Milad Feili
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  4. Hadi Ghaebi
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Correspondence to Amirhamzeh Farajollahi.

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Farajollahi, A., Rostami, M., Feili, M. et al. Thermodynamic and economic evaluation and optimization of the applicability of integrating an innovative multi-heat recovery with a dual-flash binary geothermal power plant. Clean Techn Environ Policy 25, 1673–1698 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02465-8

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