Abstract
The challenges of climate change, energy security, ever-increasing price of fossil fuels in the international market, and the detrimental effects of its uses on the environment have prompted the scientific community toward environment-friendly, sustainable, and comparable alternative sources of energy. More than a hundred million tons of rice straws are produced annually as a byproduct in India, around 60% of which are burned in situ. Rice straw is a potential feedstock for second-generation biofuel production. Biofuel generated from this biowaste can benefit the world in numerous ways. It can reduce the import bill of coal and petroleum fuels, enhance farmers’ income, prevent straw burning incidences, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, thereby making the environment clean. The characterization of biomass is a prerequisite to assessing its fitness for specific conversion technology for biofuel generation. In the present study, rice straws of two prominent varieties of paddy, namely Swarna and Silky-277 grown in Asian countries, were characterized, and their biomethane yield was compared to assess the feasibility as a biofuel feedstock and to find the role of each component of rice straw vis-à-vis biomethane yield. Apart from proximate and ultimate analysis, non-structural components (extractives) and structural components like cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin were also estimated by using standard protocols. The proximate and ultimate analysis differed marginally, structural components, cellulose, and hemicelluloses were found higher in Swarna, whereas lignin and non-structural components are found higher in the Silky-277 variety of rice straw. Out of several components present in rice straw, the role of non-structural components is found to be most important for biomethane yield. The presence of 46% higher non-structural components (extractives) in the Silky-277 variety resulted in a 21% higher biomethane yield than from the Swarna variety of rice straw. These findings will provide techno-economical liberty in selecting suitable rice straws to be used for anaerobic digestion at the commercial level.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the role of SAIF IIT Bombay for their support in getting elemental analysis of rice straw, and Vachan dairy and food products limited Kharora Raipur for providing inoculums for anaerobic digestion. The study was carried out at NIT Raipur by extending laboratory and other infrastructural support and facilities for research work.
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GPN conceived, designed, conducted the study, and drafted the manuscript. AKP supervised, resourced, and validated the work. PKC was involved in editing drafts and analysis of data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Naik, G.P., Poonia, A.K. & Chaudhari, P.K. Role of extractives in biomethane production: characterization and comparison of different varieties of rice straw. Clean Techn Environ Policy 24, 2899–2909 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-022-02375-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-022-02375-1