Abstract
This study energetically, exergetically and economically analyses a hybrid electricity generation system. The proposed system is a combination of a biomass gasifier, a solid oxide fuel cell module, an indirectly heated air turbine and a supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle. Influences of major designing and operating plant parameters, viz. current density of the solid oxide fuel cell, pressure ratio of the air compressor, turbine inlet temperature of the CO2 gas turbine, on the performance of the proposed system have been examined. The proposed system exhibits the highest first law efficiency of 51% at the current density of 2000 A/m2 and cell temperature of 1123 K, air compressor pressure ratio of 4.4, CO2 gas turbine inlet pressure and temperature of 10.14 MPa and 423 K. At this aforesaid condition, the proposed system exhibits a second law efficiency of 45%. It is found that the highest amount (40.70%) of exergy destruction takes place at the biomass gasifier, followed by the solid oxide fuel cell (20.05%). The economic analysis predicts that the minimum achievable levelized unit cost of electricity is 0.095 $/kWh.
Graphical abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- A :
-
Area (m2)
- a :
-
Transmission loss
- AB:
-
After burner
- AC:
-
Air compressor
- AT:
-
Air turbine
- BA:
-
Air blower
- C :
-
Capital cost
- C EPCC :
-
Engineering, procurement and construction cost
- CRF:
-
Capital recovery factor
- C TEC :
-
Total equipment cost
- C TOC :
-
Total overnight cost
- C TPC :
-
Total plant cost
- CUF:
-
Capacity utilization factor
- CGT:
-
CO2 gas turbine
- EES:
-
Engineering equation solver
- ESBC:
-
Electric specific biomass consumption
- Ex:
-
Exergy (kW)
- F :
-
Faraday constant (C/kmol)
- f :
-
Annual inflation rate (%)
- GCU:
-
Gas cleaning unit
- h :
-
Specific enthalpy (kJ/kmol)
- HEX:
-
Heat exchanger
- HHV:
-
Higher heating value (kJ/kg)
- HPC:
-
High-pressure compressor
- HRGH:
-
Heat recovery gas heater
- i :
-
Current (A)
- j :
-
Current density (A/m2)
- K :
-
Equilibrium constant
- LHV:
-
Lower heating value (kJ/kg)
- LMTD:
-
Log mean temperature difference
- LPC:
-
Low-pressure compressor
- LUCE:
-
Levelized unit cost of electricity
- m :
-
Mass flow rate (kg/s)
- N :
-
Molar flow rate (kmol/s)
- N cell :
-
Number of cell in a stack
- N o :
-
Nominal interest rate
- N SOFC :
-
Number of SOFC stack
- p :
-
Pressure (MPa)
- Δg°:
-
Change in Gibbs function (kJ/kmol)
- R :
-
Universal gas constant (kJ/kmol-K)
- RH:
-
Reheater
- s :
-
Specific entropy (kJ/kmol-K)
- SOFC:
-
Solid oxide fuel cell
- T :
-
Temperature (K)
- TIT:
-
Turbine inlet temperature (K)
- V :
-
Voltage (V)
- V c :
-
Cell voltage (V)
- W :
-
Power (kW)
- o, ref:
-
Reference state
- sys:
-
System
- D:
-
Destruction
- biom:
-
Biomass
- phy:
-
Physical
- che:
-
Chemical
- in:
-
Inlet
- ex:
-
Exit
- η :
-
Efficiency
- \(\xi\) :
-
Effectiveness
- \(\varphi\) :
-
Exergy efficiency
- \(\varsigma_{\text{AB}}\) :
-
Combustion effectiveness
References
Akkaya AV, Sahin B, Huseyin Erdem H (2007) Exergetic performance coefficient analysis of a simple fuel cell system. Int J Hydrog Energy 32:4600–4609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.03.038
Al-attab KA, Zainal ZA (2010) Turbine startup methods for externally fired micro gas turbine (EFMGT) system using biomass fuels. Appl Energy 87:1336–1341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.022
Alauddin ZA (1996) Performance and characteristics of a biomass gasifier system. PhD Thesis. University of Wales, College of Cardiff, UK
Al-Sulaiman FA, Dincer I, Hamdullahpur F (2010) Exergy analysis of an integrated solid oxide fuel cell and organic Rankine cycle for cooling, heating and power production. J Power Sources 195:2346–2354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.10.075
Altafini CR, Wander PR, Barreto RM (2003) Prediction of the working parameters of a wood waste gasifier through an equilibrium model. Energy Convers Manag 44:2763–2777. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00025-6
Arteaga-Pérez LE, Casas-Ledón Y, Pérez-Bermúdez R et al (2013) Energy and exergy analysis of a sugar cane bagasse gasifier integrated to a solid oxide fuel cell based on a quasi-equilibrium approach. Chem Eng J 228:1121–1132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.05.077
Baronci A, Messina G, McPhail SJ, Moreno A (2015) Numerical investigation of a MCFC (molten carbonate fuel cell) system hybridized with a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle and compared with a bottoming organic Rankine cycle. Energy 93:1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.082
Bossel UG (1992) Final report on SOFC data facts and figures. Swiss Federal Office of Energy, Berne, Switzerland
Calise F, Dentice d’Accadia M, Palombo A, Vanoli L (2006) Simulation and exergy analysis of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)-gas turbine system. Energy 31:3278–3299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2006.03.006
Chan S, Khor K, Xia Z (2001) A complete polarization model of a solid oxide fuel cell and its sensitivity to the change of cell component thickness. J Power Sources 93:130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00556-5
Chowdhury NR (2014) Advances in trends in woody biomass gasification. Energy engineering and management. Tecnico Lisboa, Lisbon
Costamagna P, Selimovic A, Del Borghi M, Agnew G (2004) Electrochemical model of the integrated planar solid oxide fuel cell (IP-SOFC). Chem Eng J 102:61–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2004.02.005
Curletti F, Gandiglio M, Lanzini A et al (2015) Large size biogas-fed solid oxide fuel cell power plants with carbon dioxide management: technical and economic optimization. J Power Sources 294:669–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.06.091
Datta A, Ganguly R, Sarkar L (2010) Energy and exergy analyses of an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT) cycle integrated with biomass gasifier for distributed power generation. Energy 35:341–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.09.031
Doherty W, Reynolds A, Kennedy D (2015) Process simulation of biomass gasification integrated with a solid oxide fuel cell stack. J Power Sources 277:292–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.125
Elmer T, Worall M, Wu S, Riffat S (2016) Assessment of a novel solid oxide fuel cell tri-generation system for building applications. Energy Convers Manag 124:29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.07.010
Facci AL, Cigolotti V, Jannelli E, Ubertini S (2017) Technical and economic assessment of a SOFC-based energy system for combined cooling, heating and power. Appl Energy 192:563–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.105
Fuente SSDL, Roberge D, Greig AR (2017) Safety and CO2 emissions: implications of using organic fluids in a ship’s waste heat recovery system. Mar Policy 75:191–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.02.008
Gandiglio M, Drago D, Santarelli M (2016) Techno-economic analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell installation in a biogas plant fed by agricultural residues and comparison with alternative biogas exploitation paths. Energy Procedia 101:1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.127
Gholamian E, Mahmoudi SMS, Zare V (2016) Proposal, exergy analysis and optimization of a new biomass-based cogeneration system. Appl Therm Eng 93:223–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.09.095
Gräbner M, Krahl J, Meyer B (2014) Evaluation of biomass gasification in a ternary diagram. Biomass Bioenerg 64:190–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.054
IRENA (2012) Biomass for power generation, renewable energy technologies: cost analysis series, 1. IRENA secretariat, Abu Dhabi, UAE. https://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/RE_Technologies_Cost_Analysis-BIOMASS.pdf. Accessed 28 March 2018
Jia J, Abudula A, Wei L et al (2015) Thermodynamic modeling of an integrated biomass gasification and solid oxide fuel cell system. Renew Energy 81:400–410
Kotas TJ (1985) The exergy method of thermal plant analysis. Butter-Worths, London
Lanzini A, Kreutz TG, Martelli E, Santarelli M (2014) Energy and economic performance of novel integrated gasifier fuel cell (IGFC) cycles with carbon capture. Int J Greenh Gas Control 26:169–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.04.028
Li C, Wang H (2016) Power cycles for waste heat recovery from medium to high temperature flue gas sources-from a view of thermodynamic optimization. Appl Energy 180:707–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.08.007
Li M, Brouwer J, Rao AD, Samuelsen GS (2011) Application of a detailed dimensional solid oxide fuel cell model in integrated gasification fuel cell system design and analysis. J Power Sources 196:5903–5912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.080
Ma S, Wang J, Yan Z et al (2011) Thermodynamic analysis of a new combined cooling, heat and power system driven by solid oxide fuel cell based on ammonia–water mixture. J Power Sources 196:8463–8471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.06.008
Mahmoudi SMS, Ghavimi AR (2016) Thermoeconomic analysis and multi objective optimization of a molten carbonate fuel cell—supercritical carbon dioxide—organic Rankin cycle integrated power system using liquefied natural gas as heat sink. Appl Therm Eng 107:1219–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.003
Malek ABMA, Hasanuzzaman M, Rahim NA, Al Turki YA (2017) Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact assessment of a 10 MW biomass-based power plant in Malaysia. J Clean Prod 141:502–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.09.057
Meratizaman M, Monadizadeh S, Pourali O, Amidpour M (2015) High efficient-low emission power production from low BTU gas extracted from heavy fuel oil gasification, introduction of IGCC-SOFC process. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 23:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2015.01.023
Mondal S, De S (2015) CO2 based power cycle with multi-stage compression and intercooling for low temperature waste heat recovery. Energy 90:1132–1143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.060
Mondal P, Ghosh S (2017) Exergo-economic analysis of a 1-MW biomass-based combined cycle plant with externally fired gas turbine cycle and supercritical organic Rankine cycle. Clean Technol Environ Policy 19:1475–1486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1344-y
Nakyai T, Authayanun S, Patcharavorachot Y et al (2017) Exergoeconomics of hydrogen production from biomass air–steam gasification with methane co-feeding. Energy Convers Manag 140:228–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.002
Nami H, Mahmoudi SMS, Nemati A (2017) Exergy, economic and environmental impact assessment and optimization of a novel cogeneration system including a gas turbine, a supercritical CO2 and organic Rankine cycle (GT-HRSG/SCO2). Appl Therm Eng 110:1315–1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.197
NETL (2011) Quality guidelines for energy systems studies: cost estimation methodology for NETL plant performance. NETL, US DOE, Pittsburgh
Niu X-D, Yamaguchi H, Iwamoto Y, Zhang X-R (2013) Optimal arrangement of the solar collectors of a supercritical CO2-based solar Rankine cycle system. Appl Therm Eng 50(1):505–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.08.004
Ozcan H, Dincer I (2015) Performance evaluation of an SOFC based trigeneration system using various gaseous fuels from biomass gasification. Int J Hydrog Energy 40:7798–7807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.11.109
Perna A, Minutillo M, Jannelli E et al (2017) Performance assessment of a hybrid SOFC/MGT cogeneration power plant fed by syngas from a biomass down-draft gasifier. Appl Energy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.077
Persichilli M, Held T, Hostler S, Zdankiewicz E, Klapp D (2011) Transforming waste heat to power through development of a CO2-based-power cycle. In: Proceedings of the electric power expo 2011, 10–12 May, Rosemount, USA
Persichilli M, Kacludis A, Zdankiewicz E, Held T (2012) Supercritical CO2 power cycle developments and commercialization: why sCO2 can displace steam. In: Proceedings of the power-gen India and central Asia 2012, 19–21 April, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, India
Pierobon L, Kandepu R, Haglind F (2012) Waste heat recovery for offshore applications. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2012 international mechanical engineering congress and ExpositionIMECE2012, November 9–15, Houston, Texas, USA. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86254
Pirkandi J, Ghassemi M, Hamedi MH, Mohammadi R (2012) Electrochemical and thermodynamic modeling of a CHP system using tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC-CHP). J Clean Prod 29–30:151–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.01.038
Ranjbar F, Chitsaz A, Mahmoudi SMS et al (2014) Energy and exergy assessments of a novel trigeneration system based on a solid oxide fuel cell. Energy Convers Manag 87:318–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.014
Reyhani HA, Meratizaman M, Ebrahimi A et al (2016) Thermodynamic and economic optimization of SOFC-GT and its cogeneration opportunities using generated syngas from heavy fuel oil gasification. Energy 107:141–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.010
Samanta S, Ghosh S (2016) A thermo-economic analysis of repowering of a 250 MW coal fired power plant through integration of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell with carbon capture. Int J Greenh Gas Control 51:48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.04.021
Samanta S, Ghosh S (2017) Techno-economic assessment of a repowering scheme for a coal fired power plant through upstream integration of SOFC and downstream integration of MCFC. Int J Greenh Gas Control 64:234–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.07.020
Santhanam S, Schilt C, Turker B et al (2016) Thermodynamic modeling and evaluation of high efficiency heat pipe integrated biomass gasifier-solid oxide fuel cells-gas turbine systems. Energy 109:751–764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.117
Shirazi A, Aminyavari M, Najafi B et al (2012) Thermal e economic e environmental analysis and multi-objective optimization of an internal-reforming solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid system. Int J Hydrog Energy 37:19111–19124
Shu G, Gao Y, Tian H, Wei H, Liang X (2014) Study of mixtures based on hydrocarbons used in ORC (organic Rankine cycle) for engine waste heat recovery. Energy 74:428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.007
Siefert NS, Litster S (2014) Exergy and economic analysis of biogas fueled solid oxide fuel cell systems. J Power Sources 272:386–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.08.044
Singh R, Miller SA, Rowlands AS, Jacobs PA (2013) Dynamic characteristics of a direct-heated supercritical carbon-dioxide Brayton cycle in a solar thermal power plant. Energy 50:194–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.11.029
Soltani S, Mahmoudi SMS, Yari M, Rosen MA (2013) Thermodynamic analyses of an externally fired gas turbine combined cycle integrated with a biomass gasification plant. Energy Convers Manag 70:107–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.03.002
Taheri MH, Mosaffa AH, Farshi LG (2017) Energy, exergy and economic assessments of a novel integrated biomass based multigeneration energy system with hydrogen production and LNG regasification cycle. Energy 125:162–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.124
Tao G, Armstrong T, Virkar A (2005) Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC) research and development activities at MSRI. In: Nineteenth annual ACERC and ICES conference, UT, USA
Trading Economics. https://tradingeconomics.com/india/indicators. Accessed 27 July 2017
Wachsman ED, Singhal SC (2009) Solid oxide fuel cell commercialization, research and challenges. Electrochem Soc Interface 18:38–43
Wang J, Mao T, Sui J, Jin H (2015) Modeling and performance analysis of CCHP (combined cooling, heating and power) system based on co-firing of natural gas and biomass gasification gas. Energy 93:801–815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.09.091
Wang K, He YL, Zhu HH (2017a) Integration between supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles and molten salt solar power towers: a review and a comprehensive comparison of different cycle layouts. Appl Energy 195:819–836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.03.099
Wang X, Liu Q, Bai Z et al (2017b) Thermodynamic analysis of the cascaded supercritical CO2 cycle integrated with solar and biomass energy. Energy Procedia 105:445–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.339
Wongchanapai S, Iwai H, Saito M, Yoshida H (2012) Performance evaluation of an integrated small-scale SOFC-biomass gasification power generation system. J Power Sources 216:314–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.098
Yamaguchi H, Zhang XR, Fujima K et al (2006) Solar energy powered Rankine cycle using supercritical CO2. Appl Therm Eng 26:2345–2354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.02.029
Yoshida H, Iwai H (2005) Thermal management in solid oxide fuel cell systems. In: Proceedings of 5th international conference on enhanced compact and ultra compact heat exchangers: science, engineering and technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
Zainal ZA, Ali R, Lean CH, Seetharamu KN (2001) Prediction of performance of a downdraft gasifier using equilibrium modeling for different biomass materials. Energy Convers Manag 42:1499–1515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(00)00078-9
Zhang X, Li X (2012) Energy and exergy performance investigation of transcritical CO2-based Rankine cycle powered by solar energy. Sci China Technol Sci 55(5):1427–1436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4765-1
Zhang S, Liu H, Liu M et al (2017) An efficient integration strategy for a SOFC-GT-SORC combined system with performance simulation and parametric optimization. Appl Therm Eng 121:314–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.04.066
Zhang Q, Ogren RM, Kong SC (2018) Thermo-economic analysis and multi-objective optimization of a novel waste heat recovery system with a transcritical CO2 cycle for offshore gas turbine application. Energy Convers Manag 172:212–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.07.019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Roy, D., Samanta, S. & Ghosh, S. Thermo-economic assessment of biomass gasification-based power generation system consists of solid oxide fuel cell, supercritical carbon dioxide cycle and indirectly heated air turbine. Clean Techn Environ Policy 21, 827–845 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01671-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01671-7