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Olfactory dysfunction and striatal dopamine transporter binding in motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease

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Abstract

Background

Olfactory dysfunction is one of the earliest non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). There are contradictory results regarding the association of olfactory dysfunction and dopamine uptake in striatal nuclei among PD patients. It has been suggested that different motor subtypes of PD vary in the disease pathophysiology and progression. Thus, we hypothesized that there might be different associations between olfactory dysfunction and striatal dopaminergic neuronal loss among three motor subtypes of PD, namely, indeterminate, postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD), and tremor-dominant (TD).

Methods

We recruited 162 healthy controls (HCs) and 464 drug-naïve PD patients from PPMI who underwent common PD scaling tests. Striatal binding ratios (SBRs) of DaTSCAN images in caudate and putamen nuclei were calculated. To assess the olfactory function, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was carried out.

Results

The UPSIT score was significantly correlated with MDS-UPDRS part I (p value: 0.002, correlation coefficient: − 0.160), MDS-UPDRS part III (p value: 0.000, correlation coefficient: − 0.248), and SBR score in right (p value: 0.000, correlation coefficient: 0.240) and left caudate (p value: 0.000, correlation coefficient: 0.221) and right (p value: 0.000, correlation coefficient: 0.323) and left putamen (p value: 0.000, correlation coefficient: 0.335) nucleus in TD subtype. There were no significant correlations in HC, PIGD, and indeterminate subjects.

Conclusion

The olfactory dysfunction was correlated with dopamine transporter activity in striatal nuclei only in the TD subtype. Therefore, the olfactory dysfunction in PIGD and indeterminate subtype may not be a predictive factor for the future decrease in dopamine uptake.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available upon request with no restriction.

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Acknowledgements

PPMI—a public-private partnership—is funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research funding partners 4D Pharma, Abbvie, Acurex Therapeutics, Allergan, Amathus Therapeutics, ASAP, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Bial Biotech, Biogen, BioLegend, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calico, Celgene, Dacapo Brain Science, Denali, The Edmond J. Safra Foundation, GE Healthcare, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Golub Capital, Handl Therapeutics, Insitro, Janssen Neuroscience, Lilly, Lundbeck, Merck, Meso Scale Discovery, Neurocrine Biosciences, Pfizer, Piramal, Prevail, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Servier, Takeda, Teva, UCB, Verily, and Voyager Therapeutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuroscience Research Group (NRG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Fardin Nabizadeh

  2. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fardin Nabizadeh

  3. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Sodeifian

  4. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Kasra Pirahesh

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  1. Fardin Nabizadeh
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Correspondence to Fardin Nabizadeh.

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Since the data in this paper were obtained from the PPMI database (ppmi.loni.usc.edu), it does not include any research involving human or animal subjects.

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Nabizadeh, F., Sodeifian, F. & Pirahesh, K. Olfactory dysfunction and striatal dopamine transporter binding in motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease. Neurol Sci 43, 4745–4752 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-022-06110-y

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