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The clinical correlation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Numerous studies have indicated the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the exact role of inflammatory markers in AD is still unclear.

Objective

The main objective of the current study was to find out the association between the level of inflammatory markers and AD.

Material and methods

The relevant articles have been extracted from PubMed as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. The mean value with standard deviation and number of participants in AD and control groups were extracted from relevant articles. The inverse variance was used as a statistical method and standard mean difference (SMD) as effect measure with 95% C.I. The random effect model was used and all analyses were done using Rev. Man 5.0.

Results

A total of 38 articles have been found relevant and selected for analysis. The overall estimate results have shown that the level of IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-1α were increased significantly in AD patients as compared to the control group among all other pro-inflammatory, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators.

Conclusion

The findings of the current study suggest that IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-1α may be a useful early marker in AD. However, further studies are required to confirm the exact utility of these inflammatory markers.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer disease

C:

control

T:

total

SMD:

standard mean difference

C.I:

confidential interval

Aβ:

amyloid beta

AchE:

acetyl choline esterase

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor

TNF-α:

tumour necrosis factor alpha

IL-6:

interleukin 6

IL-1β:

interleukin 1beta

CRP:

C-reactive protein

IL-18:

interleukin 18

MCP-1:

monocyte chemoattractant protein 1

MIP-1α:

macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha

TGF-β1:

transforming growth factor beta 1

IL-12:

interleukin 12

IL-10:

interleukin 10

IL-8:

interleukin 8

IFN-γ:

interferon gamma

IP-1:

interferon gamma (IFN-g)-induced protein-10

RANTES:

regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted

IL-16:

interleukin 16

IL-7:

interleukin 7

IL-5:

interleukin 5

IL-4:

interleukin 4

IL-1α:

interleukin 1alpha

GM-CSF:

granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

ADR:

adverse drug reaction

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the valuable technical support provided by Mr. Ananad Vardhan Tripathi, System Engineer, NIPER-Raebareli.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, (U.P), Lucknow, 226002, India

    Urati Anuradha

  2. Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India

    Anoop Kumar

  3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Raebareli, (U.P), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India

    Rakesh Kumar Singh

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Correspondence to Rakesh Kumar Singh.

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Anuradha, U., Kumar, A. & Singh, R.K. The clinical correlation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers with Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 43, 285–298 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05343-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05343-7

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