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Neuropsychiatric symptoms among young stroke survivors—frequency, patterns, and associated factors

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Abstract

Background

Although neuropsychiatric symptoms are reported in stroke survivors, details of its prevalence and patterns among young stroke subjects are sparse.

Methods

In a hospital-based cross-sectional study in India, we recruited 150 young stroke subjects (aged < 45 years) and their caregivers > 3 months from ictus. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-12 (NPI-12) and self-reported depression with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale. Descriptive statistics were used. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify associated factors. All statistical analyses were carried out using STATA ver. 14.2, StataCorp, TX, USA.

Results

Eighty-four (56%; 95% CI: 47.7–64.1%) had ≥ 1 symptoms on the NPI-12 over median time from stroke of 2 years (IQR 2). Self-reported depression was seen in 71 (47.3%). Post-stroke epilepsy was associated with presence of at least one neuropsychiatric symptom. Dementia was associated with increased odds; and having spouse as principal caregiver with reduced odds, of self-reported depression. Multiple infarcts on imaging were associated with self-reported depression (OR: 3.29; 95%CI: 1.31–8.27) and presence of any neuropsychiatric symptom (OR: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.42–8.88).

Conclusion

Young stroke survivors frequently have neuropsychiatric symptoms with depression being most common. Presence of multiple infarcts on imaging was associated with self-reported depression and presence of any neuropsychiatric symptom.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, D. Nagar, Pondicherry, 605006, India

    Done Indira Priya, Rajeswari Aghoram & Sunil K. Narayan

Authors
  1. Done Indira Priya
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  2. Rajeswari Aghoram
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  3. Sunil K. Narayan
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were done by Done Indira Priya. Analysis was performed by Rajeswari Aghoram. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Done Indira Priya. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rajeswari Aghoram.

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Institute ethics committee approved (JIP/IEC/2017/0450).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Priya, D.I., Aghoram, R. & Narayan, S.K. Neuropsychiatric symptoms among young stroke survivors—frequency, patterns, and associated factors. Neurol Sci 42, 5021–5027 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05178-2

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